Stress & Coping
What are the two broad categories of stressors?
Physiological (physical) stressors and psychological (emotional) stressors.
What is client health literacy?
The client's ability to obtain, read, and understand basic health information.
What are the seven rights of medication administration listed in the PowerPoint?
Right drug, right dose, right client, right route, right time, right reason, and right documentation.
What is health education, according to the PowerPoint?
Learning experiences designed to improve individual or community health by increasing knowledge or influencing attitudes.
A client makes excuses to justify an undesirable behavior rather than accepting responsibility. Which ego defense mechanism is being used?
Rationalization — justifying or explaining undesirable behaviors to avoid emotional discomfort or save face.
Which hormone is released by the adrenal glands during the stress response and helps increase mental alertness and focus?
Cortisol.
What is relevance in client education, and why is it important?
Relevance is the client's understanding of why they should learn the information being provided.
What is the difference between implied consent and informed consent?
Implied consent is indicated through a client's actions. Informed consent requires the client to receive information about the risks, benefits, and alternatives to a procedure so they can make a well-informed decision.
What five broad, interconnected categories are listed in the PowerPoint as factors influencing health?
Genetics, behavior, environmental and physical influences, medical care, and social factors.
A nurse makes sure patients receive fair and equitable treatment regardless of their social or economic status. Which ethical principle is being demonstrated?
Justice — the ethical principle of fairness and equitable treatment.
What is the difference between acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on symptom duration?
ASD begins shortly after a traumatic event and lasts less than one month. Symptoms that persist longer than one month may indicate PTSD.
Name four factors that promote learning during client education.
Any four: perceived benefit, enhanced health literacy, ongoing client participation, nonjudgmental support, a quiet low-stimulus environment, and repetition.
What is whistleblowing in nursing, and what is one major obstacle that prevents nurses from reporting wrongdoing?
Whistleblowing is formally reporting illegal, wrongful, or unethical practices. Fear of retaliation or reprisal is a major obstacle.
What three primary variables influence public health policies?
Institutions, interests, and ideas.
A client understands why learning to manage a chronic illness is important but has difficulty deciding when, where, and how to participate in learning. Which client education concept is involved?
Motivation — described in the PowerPoint as the client's ability to engage in learning by deciding when, where, and how they will learn.
A client blames a coworker for being dishonest, even though the client is struggling with their own dishonest behavior. Which defense mechanism is being demonstrated?
Projection — attributing one's own uncomfortable thoughts, feelings, or motives to someone else.
A nurse is educating a client in a noisy room. The client is distracted and having difficulty concentrating. What environmental change would promote learning?
Provide a quiet, low-stimulus environment with fewer distractions.
A nurse suspects that a vulnerable patient is experiencing abuse. According to the PowerPoint, what legal responsibility does the nurse have?
Mandatory reporting. Licensed nurses have a legal duty to report certain information to help prevent maltreatment and protect individuals from harm.
A nurse is developing a health education campaign for a culturally diverse community. According to the PowerPoint, what five characteristics should effective health communication have?
It should be evidence-based, culturally sensitive, understandable, easily accessible, and delivered through a variety of media.
A nurse identifies a patient's family history of heart disease and current tobacco use. Which is a nonmodifiable risk factor, and which is a modifiable risk factor?
Family history is nonmodifiable because it cannot be changed. Tobacco use is modifiable because it is a behavior that can be changed.
During a stressful event, the hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). What nervous system response does this activate, and which three neurotransmitters are released?
The sympathetic nervous system (fight-or-flight response), releasing norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine.
What is the purpose of feedback during client education, and when should the nurse provide it?
Feedback provides helpful information to improve learning and helps clients determine whether they understand the information appropriately. It should be provided during and at the completion of educational sessions.
A nurse discovers a serious medication error that caused significant patient harm. What is a sentinel event, and what four elements are emphasized in creating a culture of safety or Just Culture?
A sentinel event is an unexpected occurrence involving death, serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Just Culture emphasizes an open, fair and just culture; a learning culture; safe systems; and managing behavioral choices.
A nurse is experiencing a progressive loss of energy, idealism, and purpose due to working conditions. What condition does this describe, and what practice does the PowerPoint emphasize to help prevent it?
Burnout. The PowerPoint emphasizes nurse self-care to maintain emotional well-being and help prevent burnout, moral distress, and loss of compassion.
A client is newly diagnosed with a permanent illness and feels overwhelmed. The nurse provides emotional support, teaches self-care skills, and asks the client to demonstrate what was learned. Identify the client education goal, the learning domain involved in demonstrating skills, and the teaching method used to verify understanding.
Goal: Adaptation to permanent illness or injury. Learning domain: Psychomotor. Teaching method: Teach-back.