Malnutrition
What is a food desert?
What is a food desert USDA definition?
What are RDA stand for?
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) or the average daily intake to meet nutrient requirements of 97-98% of healthy people.
Dextrose (a monosaccharide) is also known as?
Glucose
You are administering a rapid-acting insulin to a patient prior to serving trays. How soon after the insulin is administered should the patient receive their tray and begin eating?
Within 15 minutes. Rapid insulin has a 15 minute onset. It is important to make sure the patient will have their tray shortly after administered a rapid insulin like insulin aspart, insulin lispro or glulisine.
What is the best way to prevent food borne illness?
Proper handwashing
What are functional foods?
Functional foods are foods that enhance health. Think of functional foods as foods that fuel our body.
Do you include dietary supplements in your patient's medication record?
Yes. We should note all dietary supplements our patients take.
*Warning labels are not required for supplements like they are with medications*
To decrease sugar consumption in your daily diet, you should consume what to satisfy "sweet tooth cravings"?
Whole fruits.
What are the modifiable risk factors for DM2?
level of activity
cholesterol (keep under 200)
Triglycerides (keep under 150)
BMI
Name 3 ways to prevent foodborne illness.
Cooking at the proper temperature.
Keeping cold foods cold. Foods should be kept below 40 degrees Fahrenheit.
Washing raw fruits and vegetables before consumption
Avoiding unpasteurized foods
Prevent cross-contamination of raw and cooked foods
What increases an American's risk of having poor diet quality?
Being African American
Poor access to proper nutrition
Lack of education/knowledge about healthy food
Having a high BMI
Having low socioeconomic status
How does poor nutrition affect us? Name at least 3 things.
BMI overweight or obese
tooth decay
HTN
high cholesterol
Cardiovascular disease
DM2
osteoporosis
cancer
Carbohydrates should make up ___ to ____% of your total dietary calories.
45-65%
What labs are concerning for diabetes?
Elevated fasting glucose (above 130)
U-dip positive for ketones
HgbA1C above 6.5
Why does a Mediterranean diet lead to healthier outcomes?
Because it contains more fruits and vegetables than the typical "American" diet.
Processed or prepackaged foods
What are the benefits of increased whole grains in the diet?
Decreased risk of GI cancers
Helps with defecation
Lowers risk of cardiovascular disease
*We should strive to increase our fiber intake and decrease our added sugar consumption*
Excess glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as what?
Glycogen
You have a diabetic patient that is known to experience hypoglycemia. Before the patient goes to physical therapy, what is priority?
Have the patient eat a snack with complex carbs or protein to prolong the blood sugar through the exercise.
Describe the "my plate" method for healthy diets.
Half the plate should be fruits and vegetables. 1/4 plate should be whole grains. 1/4 of the plate should be healthy protein.
What are some signs of malnutrition in adults?
Generalized edema from lack of protein --> Albumin
Decreased muscle mass --> lack of protein
Weakness --> weak hand grips
Frequent illness --> poor immune system
Delayed wound healing
poor concentration
feeling cold most of the time
Calculate the percent body weight loss:
Patient weighed 200 lbs at last appointment and at this appointment the patient weighs 180.
Percent weight loss is 10%
Fructose
List 3 simple sugars that should be avoided in those with diabetes.
Soda, candy, white bread, white rice, and juices.
Polyols are a specific group of sugar alcohols that are formed via the catalytic hydrogenation of carbohydrates. They are found naturally in certain fruits, vegetables, and mushrooms; however, they are also commonly used as sugar-free sweeteners in products such as chewing gum, candies, and beverages
What is a frequent side effect of consuming polyols?
Diarrhea