Nutrition Exam 2 Part 2

Lipids

100

Name the 3 Short Chain (2-6 C's) Saturated Fatty Acids and the number of Carbons they possess

Acetate (2 C)

Proprionate (3 C)

Butyrate (4 C)

Caproic (6 C) 

200

A fat that contains a property whereby regions of a molecule hydrophilic and regions are hydrophobic is called an _____________ 

Name one example of this type of fat

Amphipathic Lipid

Free Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, Free Cholesterol

300

List 4 derivatives of cholesterol

Vitamin D₃, Glucocorticoids, Progesterone, Mineralocorticoids, Estrogen, Testosterone, Bile Salts

400

Name the 3 Medium Chain (8-12 C's) Saturated Fatty Acids and the number of Carbons they possess

Caprylic (8 C)

Capric (10 C)

Lauric (12 C)

500

List 3 of the Common Unsaturated Fatty Acids and their corresponding nomenclature

Palmitoleic Acid (ω-7, 16:1, Δ⁹)

Oleic Acid (ω-9, 18:1, Δ⁹)

Linoleic Acid (ω-6, 18:2, Δ^9,12)

α-Linoleic Acid (ω-3, 18:3, Δ^9,12,15)

Arachidonic Acid (ω-6, 20:4, Δ^5,8,11,14)

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (ω-3, 20:5, Δ^5,8,11,14,17)

Energy

100

Determination of the heat production of an animal by measuring the temperature change in a chamber is called

Direct Calorimetry 

200

What is the equation for Total Heat Production? 

HP = Heat Increment + NE for maintenance

300

Why is Metabolizable Energy used in formulating poultry diets, and NOT Digestible Energy? 

Excreta in birds is combined urine and feces, which makes determination of DE difficult 

400

Net Energy can be broken up into two categories. Name these two categories.

Maintenance and Production 

500

What is the name of the technique that determines the amount of retained energy an animal maintains

Comparative Slaughter Technique

Feed Efficiency and Intake

100

____________ occures when calories in > calories out

Obesity

200

As an animal grows, does their feed efficiency increase or decrease? 

Decrease

300

Name the 5 theories of food intake regulation 

Lipostatic, Aminostatic, Thermostatic, Glucostatic, Gut signals

400

Which takes more energy to deposit, a pound of lean or a pound of adipose? 

Adipose

500

What are three main factors that the FDA considers when evaluating a new drug for meat animals?

 Animal Safety, Human Safety, Efficacy

Minerals

100

Of all the macro-minerals covered in class, which one is least likely to be supplemented in a typical feed diet?

Magnesium 

200

Name 5 sources of Calcium and Phosphate 

Limestone, Dicalcium phosphate, Bone Meal, Fish Meal, Meat and Bone Meal 

300

What micro-minerals can be added to swine or poultry diets at levels above these generally considered needed for the requirement and has growth promoting effects?

Copper or zinc

400

What three minerals are primarily responsible for electrolyte balance?

Bonus 150: Name a deficiency for each

Sodium, Potassium, Chlorine

Bonus 150: 

Sodium- decreased growth and body weight 

Potassium- decreased growth, abnormal heart function, muscle weakness

Chlorine- decreased growth

500

Match the following words with the correct micro-mineral: 

Alkaline Phosphatase 

Anemia 

Goiter

Ataxia/Lameness

Cytochrome Oxidase 

Zinc 

Iron 

Iodine 

Manganese 

Copper

Fat Soluble Vitamins

100

List 3 general functions of Vitamin A

normal vision, gene expression, cell differentiation 

200

Name the most common deficiency in relates to Vitamin E 

Bonus 100:

Name 3 other Vitamin E deficiencies

Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy 

Bonus 100:

Encephalomalacia, Exudative diathesis, Hepatic necrosis 

300

Name the three forms of Vitamin A and name the common precursor for vitamin A

retinoic acid, retinol, retinal, AND beta carotene

400

Name 3 symptoms of Vitamin A toxicity in humans: 

Anorexia, dermatitis, fetal abnormalities/abortion, kidney/bladder stones, high susceptibility to fleas and other parasites

500

Coumarin drugs such as dicoumarol and warfarin are antagonists of which vitamin? 

Vitamin K