Asthma
What is heard upon auscultation?
percussion?
What is
Wheezing
hyper-resonance
What is pursed-lip breathing?
prolonged exhalation; prevent bronchiolar collapse and air trapping
Severe Complications of Asthma include:
A. Severe respiratory muscle fatigue leading to respiratory arrest
B. Death resulting from respiratory or cardiac arrest
C. Pneumothorax
D. Acute cor pulmonale with right vent faliure
A. Severe respiratory muscle fatigue leading to respiratory arrest
B. Death resulting from respiratory or cardiac arrest
C. Pneumothorax
D. Acute cor pulmonale with right vent faliure
how does a deviated septum happen?
trauma or congenital
What is opportunistic pneumonia? What are the main groups of people it affects?
- attacks immunocompromised people
- malnutrition, transplants, radiation, chemotherapy, long-term steroid treatment,
Drug therapy:
- Mild intermittent patients use:
- Moderate persistent patients use:
- Severe persistent patients use:
What is?
- inhaled bronchodilators
- inhaled anti-inflammatory meds (steroids)
- inhaled or oral steroids, inhaled bronchodilators, and theophylline
Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of COPD?
A. Wheezing
B. Increased sputum production
C. Prolonged expiration
D. Weight gain
E. Orthopnea
D. weight gain
A COPD patient with severe hypoxemia who has been prescribed O2 therapy may benefit from which nursing interventions?
A. teach about home O2 use
B. Provide high amount of O2
C. Provide continuous supply of O2
D. Monitor for adverse effects of O2 therapy
E. Adjust O2 flow rate depending on desired O2 level
A. teach about home O2 use
D. Monitor for adverse effects of O2 therapy
E. Adjust O2 flow rate depending on desired O2 level
What is sinusitis? Treatment for acute sinusitis include: (name at least 3)
- bacterial or viral infection
- antibiotics, decongestants, nasal corticosteroids, mucolytics, antihistamines, increased fluid intake, analgesia
Why is tuberculosis treated with a combination drug therapy? (more than one drug)
to prevent TB resistance to drug regimen
resistant strain = bad
the nurse is assessing a patient who is having an acute asthma attack. Which nursing intervention would be the priority for this patient?
A. humidifying the room
B. Administering oral corticosteroids
C. administering an albuterol bronchodilator
D. placing the patient in High-Fowler's position
C. administering an albuterol bronchodilator
name 3 medical management for COPD
treat infections, bronchodilator therapy, corticosteroids, chest physiotherapy, postural drainage, breathing exercises, hydration of 3 L/day
Which instructions would the nurse include when teaching self-care strategies to a patient with acute pharyngitis?
A. drink citrus juices
B. restrict fluid intake
C. gargle with warm salt water
D. suck on popsicles or hard candies
E. Use a cool mist vaporizer or humidifier
C. gargle with warm salt water
D. suck on popsicles or hard candies
E. use a cool mist vaporizer or humidifier
Name 3 nursing diagnoses post-laryngectomy
ineffective airway clearance, impaired swallowing, risk for infection, anxiety, acute pain, imbalanced nutrition, impaired verbal communication, disturbed body image
What is the acute interventions for TB?
respiratory isolation (airborne precautions), will last until 3 negative AFB smears have been obtained, negative pressure room
Clinical Manifestations of Status Asthmaticus:
must name 4 out of 7:
What is extreme anxiety, fear of suffocation, increased work of breathing, diaphoresis, severe muscle retractions, absence of wheezing, chest fixed in hyper-inflated state?
smoking
Which rationales are used to explain the need for humidification of air for a patient who has a tracheostomy?
A. Warms secretions
B. Moisturizes secretions
C. decreases risk for stoma infection
D. prevents formation of mucous plugs
E. Aids in the prevention of tracheal necrosis
A. Warms secretions
B. Moisturizes secretions
D. Prevents formation of mucous plugs
Explain the 4 stages of epistaxis and interventions
1: lean forward with direct pressure, ice to nose
2: anterior packing - 48-72hrs
3: posterior packing - monitor airway, hypoxia, aspiration, analgesia, LOC, packing for 3 days
4: unresponsive require ligation of maxillary artery
Differentiate Pneumothorax vs. Hemothorax
and Emergency management for each
- Pneumothorax: air in pleural space - chest tube insertion
- Hemothorax: blood in pleural space - chest tube insertion and autotransfusion of collected blood
Drug therapy:
Name what they do and one drug of each:
- Beta adrenergic agonists:
- Anti-inflammatory agents:
- Anticholinergics:
- Mucolytics:
what is
- bronchodilation; Alupent, Albuterol, Levalubterol, Serevent, Adrenalin
- decrease edema, decrease mucus; Solu-Cortef, Medrol, Alu-Medrol, Azmacort
- block ACh, bronchodilation; Atrovent, Theophylline
- breakdown mucus; Mucomyst
differentiate chronic bronchitis and emphysema
CB: clinical diagnosis; daily productive cough for 3 months or more in at least 2 consecutive years; overweight and cyanotic; elevated hemoglobin; peripheral edema; rhonchi and wheezing; blue bloaters
E: pathologic diagnosis; permanent enlargement and destruction of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole; older and thin; severe dyspnea; quiet chest; X-ray, hyperinflation with flattened diaphragms
The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of impaired gas exchange for a patient with pneumonia based on which physical assessment findings?
A. SpO2 of 85%
B. PaCO2 of 65 mm Hg
C. Thick yellow mucus expectorant
D. Respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min
E. Dullness to percussion over the affected area
A. SpO2 of 85%
B. PaCO2 of 65 mm Hg
E. Dullness to percussion over the affected area
What is a potential complication of laryngectomy? What can this cause?
tracheal edema/obstruction
- respiratory distress, restlessness, agitation, confusion, tachycardia, bradycardia, dysrhythmias, decreased SPO2
The nurse provides care for a patient who experienced chest trauma. When the nurse assesses the right lung, which finding suggests a right-sided pneumothorax?
A. Inspiratory crackles
B. Pronounced crackles
C. Dullness on percussion
D. Absence of breath sounds
D. Absence of breath sounds