Three main metabolic emergencies seen in oncologic conditions include tumor lysis syndrome, _________, and _________.
SIADH and hypercalcemia
Risk factors for spinal cord compression include?
Liquid tumors
Solid tumors with bony metastases- such as prostate, lung, breast, renal cell
What are the two main cardiac emergencies we are worried about?
Cardiac tamponade
Superior vena cava syndrome
What are two diagnostic tools we can use for respiratory emergencies?
Bronchoscopy
Biopsy
Gloria, a cancer floof, has a sudden onset of hematuria with combined bladder pain and irritative bladder symptoms. Her mommy thinks she may have which condition?
Hemorrhagic cystitis
Symptoms of hyperphosphatemia, a complication of tumor lysis syndrome, include _____, _______, and _______.
oliguria, anuria, azotemia
Describe the pathophysiology of spinal cord compression.
From rapidly growing mass pressing against spinal cord
Results in collapse of vertebrae
Most commonly caused by bone metastasis in spine
30% patients will have metastases in >1 area of the spine
How many ml of fluid usually sits between visceral (serous) and fibrous parietal layers?
How many ml of fluid is present in cardiac tamponade?
50 mL
As little as 200 mL
T/F we can use laser vaporization, stents, photodynamic therapies, cryotherapies, and endobronchial brachytherapy for airway obstruction treatment?
True
Gloria develops anemia from her hemorrhagic cystitis. The vet recommends what treatment?
Blood transfusion
Four main risk factors for SIADH include:
Small-cell lung cancer (60%)
Pancreatic
Prostate
Brain cancers
What is the gold standard for spinal cord compression diagnostics?
MRI
What is the MOST common symptom of cardiac tamponade?
Exertional dyspnea- occurs in 80% of patients
In massive hemoptysis, how many mL of blood will we see over 24 hr period?
At what rate is the bleeding?
Bleeding rate > 100mL/hour
Ureteral stenting
Nephrostomy
Bladder catherization
SIADH diagnostics:
Serum Na < _____ mmol/L
Urina Na > _____ mmol/L
130
20
Urine osmolality exceeds that of plasma
When giving high dose steroids for spinal cord compression, what drug are we using specifically?
Dexamethasone
What is Beck's triad? Which condition does Beck's triad apply to?
Hypotension
Increased jugular venous pressure
Decreased heart sounds
Cobalt
"Coby is a baller, and he's toxic for your heart"
Sophia has neutropenic enter-colitis. She understands this condition is transmural ______ of the cecum.
inflammation
Hypercalcemia Diagnostics:
Calcium > ____ mg/dl
Are K, Na, and PO4 increased or decreased?
Are BUN and Creatinine increased or decreased?
11
Decreased
Increased
Dermatomes- what are they??
Area of body innervated by specific set of nerves
Name at least three interventions used to treat SVCS
Elevate HOB
Corticosteroids
Diuretics
Thrombolysis
Stents
Bypass surgery
Gloria is tacking arsenic trioxide chemotherapy drugs. She develops toxic lung injury. Shelbie, as her astute owner, understands that which action must be taken (SATA):
a. Consult vet about discontinuation of drug
b. Suggest a fluid bolus be given to gloria
c. Pet her, cuddle her, and give her a kiss
d. Institute supportive care
A, C, D
Hematological emergencies can consist of bleeding, thrombosis, and _____. In Chemo induced emergencies, ________ can occur. This is when there is infiltration of chemo drug into the tissues.
DIC
Extravasation