Image formation
A converging lens only produces a virtual, upright, magnified image when the object is located in this region relative to the focal point.
What is inside the focal length? (Or 0 < d0 < f)
Light bends in this direction (relative to normal) when entering a medium where it speeds up.
What is away from the normal?
This type of interference occurs when waves arrive in phase.
What is constructive interference?
This property of a wave remains unchanged when it enters a new medium.
What is frequency?
A ray entering water from air bends in this direction according to Snell’s Law.
What is toward the normal?
A diverging lens always produces an image with these three characteristics.
What is virtual, upright, and reduced?
This physical property of a material tells you how much light slows down inside it.
What is the index of refraction?
In a double‑slit experiment, increasing the slit separation causes this change in fringe spacing.
What is (the slits get) closer together?
When light enters a denser medium, its speed decreases but this property must also decrease.
What is wavelength?
A concave mirror with focal length 10 cm and an object at 30 cm produces an image at this distance.
What is 15 cm?
A concave mirror produces a real, inverted image when the object is placed in this region, relative to the focal length.
What is outside the focal length?
At specific angles, this phenomena only occurs when light travels from higher to lower index of refraction.
What is total internal reflection?
This diffraction pattern features a broad central maximum due to many paths interfering across an opening.
What is single‑slit diffraction?
This is a type of wave whose direction of oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of its velocity.
What is a transverse wave?
A converging lens with an object at 12 cm and an image at 24 cm must have this focal length.
What is 8 cm?
A convex mirror can only produce this type of image, regardless of object location.
What is a virtual image?
This type of reflection produces a blurry or fuzzy appearance because light scatters in many directions.
What is diffuse reflection?
Bright fringes in double‑slit interference occur when the path difference equals this quantity.
What is mλ?
This wave behavior explains why two speakers playing the same tone can create spots in a room where the sound is much louder or much quieter.
What is (wave) interference?
A lens with focal length 6 cm and an object at 4 cm produces a virtual image at this location.
What is –12 cm?
A converging lens produces a real, inverted, same‑size image when the object is placed at this location.
What is at 2f?
This is the theory that proposes that waves can be modeled by wavelets and wave fronts.
What is Huygen's principle?
Diffraction is more obvious when the slit width is similar or small than this quantity.
What is wavelength?
This phenomenon involves blocking part of an electromagnetic wave to reduce brightness and/or reflection.
What is polarization?
A double‑slit setup with λ = 600 nm and d = 2.0×10⁻⁶ m produces a first‑order maximum at approximately this angle.
What is 17 degrees?