Vocabulary
The prefix 'cyto' means
What is 'cell?'
This organelle functions to protect the majority of genetic information inside the cell
What is the nucleus?
The cell membrane is described as _________________ because it:
What is 'semi-permeable because it acts like a filter and controls what can enter and exit the cell?'
True or false - humans belong in Domain Prokarya
What is 'false?'
A typical, unmutated human receives _______ chromosomes from each parent
What is '23?'
These organisms are all single-celled eukaryotes
What are protists?
List all terms used to describe the cell membrane
What are 1) the plasma membrane and 2) the phospholipid bilayer?
These organelles are only found in plant cells
What are chloroplasts?
The typical human chromosome number is
What is '46?'
How are microfilaments and microtubules similar?
What is 'they are both part of the cell's cytoskeleton and they are both made of strong protein fibers?'
This term refers to eukaryotic DNA in its least condensed form
What is chromatin?
This organelle serves as a transport and sorting center for molecules entering and exiting the cell
What is the Golgi apparatus?
These are three major parts of the human immune system
What are white blood cells, bones/bone marrow, spleen, intestines, lymph nodes/lymphatic system?
These are the three outer layers of the a prokaryotic cell (in order, from outermost to innermost layer)
What are 1) protein capsule, 2) cell wall, 3) cell membrane?'
In eukaryotes, this is the term used to describe DNA in its most condensed form
What are chromosomes?
These are two examples of how hierarchies are used in science/biology
What are 1) food pyramids, 2) energy pyramids, 3) classification of living organisms, 4) organizing structures of living organisms?
Both of these organelles are found in eukaryotic cells and help breakdown waste materials
What are peroxisomes and lysosomes?
The location of the nucleolus inside the nucleus shows us there is an important relationship between these two biomolecules:
What are proteins and nucleic acids?
List four of the five different terms used to refer to genetic material in this unit
What are 1) plasmids, 2) chromatin, 3) chromosomes, 4) nucleus, 5) nucleoid region?
List the hierarchy, as drawn on the board in class, starting with atoms:
What is 'atoms > elements > molecules/biomolecules > organelles > cells > tissues > organs > organ systems > organisms?'
What is 'cytoplasm refers to water-based solution inside a cell and the organelles embedded in it; cytosol refers only to the water-based solution inside the cell; cytoskeleton refers to the network of protein fibers that support the cell from the inside?'
These is the major difference between microtubules and microfilaments
What is 'microfilaments are responsible for helping hold organelles in place and microtubules are responsible for moving structures around during cell division?'
In your own words, explain how the vacuole is different in plant versus animal cells
List five things that are unique and specific only to eukaryotic cells
What are 1) large/complex, 2) unicellular and multicellular, 3) nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, 4) no pili, flagella, or protein capsule, and 5) DNA in the form of chromosomes (or chromatin)?
True or false: cell walls are a universal feature of all cells. Why or why not?
What is 'false; cell walls are not found in animal cells so they are not a universal feature of all cells?'