Ideology
The post-war world
Growing tensions
The Berlin Crisis
The Korean Crisis
100
What are the two ideological opposites to Communism?
1. Capitalism (economic). 2. Democracy (political).
100
Whose idea was the United Nations?
Roosevelt.
100
Which policy did Kennan advise the US to follow in the Long Telegram?
Containment.
100
What was the formal unification of the Western zones known as?
The German Federal Republic.
100
What policy did the US follow in the Korean Crisis?
Rollback.
200
When had the USSR and the Western powers (USA and GB) engaged in conflict prior to the Second World War?
The Russian Civil War (1918-20), where the West had intervened in an attempt to overthrow the Bolshevik government.
200
Which two issues remained unresolved after Potsdam?
1. The future of Germany. 2. The extent of Soviet control over Eastern Europe (specifically Poland).
200
Why did Stalin brand Churchill a 'warmonger'?
In response to the Iron Curtain speech, delivered in Fulton, Missouri, February 1946.
200
When did Stalin officially call off the Blockade?
12th May 1949.
200
Along which line was the armistice finally settled?
The 38th Parallel.
300
Why did the League of Nations exacerbate tensions between the USSR and the West.
The League refused to recognise the USSR as a legitimate state, and refused to admit it into the League of Nations post World War One.
300
What had been agreed at the Tehran Conference (1943) and the Moscow Conference (1944)?
Broadly, post war spheres of influence: 1. Britain would be allowed to station troops in Greece. 2. The USSR would retain troops in Romania, Bulgaria and Hungary.
300
How did Czechoslovakia become Communist?
A military coup was staged in which the elected government was overthrown in 1948 and replaced with a Communist government; Foreign Minister Jan Masaryk was murdered.
300
What was discussed in May 1948 and which was implemented in June 1948, ultimately forcing Stalin to blockade Berlin?
Currency reform in the Western zones.
300
What two events (amongst others) had specifically threatened Western security in 1949?
1. The Soviets had successfully tested an atomic bomb, thus ending the US's nuclear monopoly. 2. Mao Zedong had established a communist regime in China.
400
How did the USA and the USSR differ on their view of the world?
The USA thought peace and prosperity would be promoted through free trade between nations, whereas the USSR thought that freedom and equality could only be promoted through world revolution that replaced capitalism with communism.
400
At which conference was the dollar established as the world's principal trading currency?
Bretton Woods Conference (July 1944).
400
What was established in response to the accusations of 'dollar imperialism'?
Comecon.
400
What was Operation Vittles?
The US plan to airlift supplies into West Berlin.
400
What did NSC-68 warn against, and what did it advise Truman to do?
It warned that the Soviets were seeking world domination, and recommended that: 1. the US needed to massively increase defence spending; 2. the US be ready to take on Communism with military force.
500
What advice did Maisky give to Stalin? (There were three parts...)
1. To establish communist governments in Eastern Europe without causing revolutions (which would avoid Western involvement) to create a buffer zone. 2. That the West would eventually destroy itself over trade. 3. To strengthen Soviet presence in China.
500
What was the 'open door policy'?
The US policy in the late 19th and early 20th century of ensuring Chinese trading neutrality to ensure no one power became too powerful in the region. It was brought back again in 1978 by Deng Xiaoping to invite overseas investment into China.
500
What two things did Novikov warn against in his 1946 telegram to Stalin?
1. That the US was using was using its wealth to gain influence around the world and act as an imperial power. 2. That the expansion of the network of US military bases was a sign that the US was planning 'global domination'.
500
What did the US do in August 1948 which could be interpreted as evidence of US aggression?
They deployed 60 B29 bombes to Britain which each had the capacity to carry nuclear weapons.
500
Why was the USSR unable to veto the UN's decision to authorise military intervention?
They were boycotting the Security Council in protest to the UN's refusal to admit the People's Republic of China as a member.
M
e
n
u