Paraphrasing Practice
True or False: Pasting the sentence & changing some of the words is paraphrasing.
False – you need to change more than a couple of words in order for it to be considered paraphrasing!
I paraphrased something and included it in my references, but I didn’t use in-text citations.
YES
Make it an in-text citation!
Watt, T., Lord, K., Bustillos, S., Gavin-Williams, R., Greeson, J., Hail, T., & Hoffman-Cooper, A. (2023). Campus liaisons for students who have experienced foster care: Lessons learned from Texas legislation. Children and Youth Services Review, 153, 107094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2023.107094.
(Watt et al., 2023)
What is the title of the page with all of your citations called in APA format?
References
Why is it important to correctly cite your sources?
Ethical
Gives credit
Lets others know where you got your ideas from
What is one strategy for paraphrasing information?
Read to understanding meaning -> rewrite in your own words without directly looking at the writing. Don't copy and paste!
I asked an AI to paraphrase something from an article for me. When I put it in my paper, I included an in-text citation and reference to the article in my paper, but not to the AI.
YES
Make it an in-text citation!
Nathans, L. L., & Chaffers, L. J. (2022). Independent living coordinators’ effects on intangible domains in an independent living program. Research on Social Work Practice, 32(8), 963-981.
(Nathan & Chaffers, 2022)
How should you organize your references page?
Alphabetically by first author’s last name
What site does Summer recommend you use to find answers about all of your citation questions?
PURDUE Online Writing Lab (OWL)!
Paraphrase the following:
"Hierarchical Linear Modeling indicated that individuals with SAD reported significantly more shame compared to individuals without SAD. In addition, women reported significantly more shame compared to men. Importantly, gender differences in shame were more pronounced among individuals with SAD compared to those without SAD." (Oren-Yagoda et al., 2024)
Example: When using Hierarchical Linear Modeling, individual reports showed that people with SAD felt more shame than people without SAD (Oren-Yagoda et al, 2024). A larger gap in gender differences was found among people with SAD, with women reporting more shame than men.
I included a quote from a website in my paper, with an in-text citation that included the year and paragraph number.
NO – if there’s no page number, use paragraph number
What would the in-text citation be for this quote?
“However, when students are part of a structured,
wraparound support program on campus with staff invested in their long-term success, they begin to realize the importance of being receptive to help.”
From page #137 of Dumais, S. A., & Spence, N. J. (2021). “There’s just a certain armor that you have to put on”: Navigating college as a youth with foster care experience. Child Welfare, 99(2), 135-156.
(Dumais & Spence, 2021, p. 137)
What is a DOI and how is it used?
Digital Object Identifier; a unique code that can be used as a link to your source in your citations
What does “et al.” mean and when do you use it in your citations?
It means “and others”, and you use it when you have 3 or more authors with you in-text citation
Paraphrase the following: "One of the dysfunctional aspects of BD (Bipolar Disorder) is social cognition. Social cognition is defined as the ability to encode, store, retrieve, and apply social information in a social context. Research shows that cognitive deficits are among the main abnormalities in BD." (Afshari, 2023)
Example: Social cognition, which involves accessing and storing information and applying it to social contexts, is one of the main areas affected by BD (Afshari, 2023).
I included an in-text citation with only the author’s last name because earlier in the paragraph my citation included the year.
NO – when you cite the same source in the same paragraph, only use the year the first time!
Ex. blah b (Smith, 2023)... blah blah
(Smith).
Make it an in-text citation!
National Association for College Admission Counseling (2019). Fundamentals of college admission counseling (5th ed.). NACAC.
(National Association for College Admission Counseling [NACAC], 2019).
True or False: The references list and citations are the only things that are formatted a specific way when writing in APA style.
FALSE! There’s literally a whole bunch of APA regulations with writing – not all are about plagiarism or citations, but they include the cover page, headings, etc.!
What does the order of authors mean when listed on a journal article? ex. Smith, P., Bernard, C., Jones, L.
Listed from most to least contributions to the article and research. (In this example, Smith contributed the most work)
Paraphrase the following: “Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent medical illness that is associated with chronic stress. Patients with MDD can show an imbalance in cortisol levels, which can be restored with the remission of symptoms.” (Hamel, 2023)
Example: Individuals with major depressive disorder commonly experience chronically high levels of cortisol, leading to chronic stress (Hamel, 2023)
The article I read included a quote from another article. My in-text citation only includes the article I read, but not the quoted article.
YES – in this case, this is called an indirect source! In-text cite both & in references only cite the one you read.
Ex. Johnson (1985) argues… (as cited in Smith, 2013).
Make it an in-text citation!
Office of Student Financial Assistance (n.d.). Department of children and families (DCF) foster child tuition waiver and fee assistance program. Massachusetts Department of Higher Education. https://www.mass.edu/osfa/programs/dcffoster.asp.
(Office of Student Financial Assistance, n.d.).
Tell me what each part of this citation means
McCulloh, E. (2022). An exploration of parental support in the retention of rural first-generation college students. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory, & Practice, 24(1), 144-168.
(4 parts)
1. Author name
2. Year of pub
3. Article title
3. Journal title
4. Journal volume & issue number
When is an appropriate time to use quotes in STEM or Psychology writing?
Quote people not writing
Only when they say it in a way that nobody else could say it