Vocab
What is a parasite?
An organism that benefits off the host at the host’s expense, it lives in or outside of the host
Between which two common parasite sections is antagonism observed in this study?
Giardias and helminths
How many sections in the Bolivia lowlands were studied?
83
What changes are needed for any treatment to be effective?
Clean water and sanitation
What percent of infections did the Giardia Lamblia parasite make up in the study?
30%
What does co-infection mean?
The infection of a host of multiple pathogenic organisms.
What area in the body do Giardias and helminths mainly reside in?
Small intestine
How long did the study last?
6 years
Which parasite did not have a negative correlation with Giardia Lamblia?
T. trichura
What is another name for A. lumbricoides?
Roundworm
What is a helminth?
A common intestinal macroparasite.
What percent of the world do these pathogens affect each?
15% each
Give one method for analyzing the fecal samples.
Percoll technique and direct identification by wet mount
Treatment with which medication increased recovery rate from hookworm infected to uninfected?
Mebendazole
What food are roundworms commonly ingested through?
Improperly cooked/washed vegetables
What is random assortment?
When chromosomes organize themselves randomly in the reproduction process.
Name one symptom two symptoms that G. lamblia infection is associated with
Diarrhea, cramping, bloating, and weight loss.
What medications were the patients treated with?
Albendazole, Mebendazole, Metronidazole, and Tinidazole
For individuals sampled 4 or 5 times frequencies of hookworm and giardia were not correlated which suggests differences are due to what?
Short-term dynamics
What common way do hookworms infect their host?
Human hosts step on the soil containing the infective larvae
What is Albendazole?
A medication used to treat against helminths.
What are the T cells that helminths affect?
TH1, TH2, and regulatory T cells
What are the 4 disease states used in the statistical analysis?
uninfected, hookworm-infected, co-infected, and giardia infected
What percentages of hookworm, G. lamblia, and Ascaris lumbricoides were found in the fecal samples?
56%, 30%, and 15%
What are the 3 common side effects of Hookworms?
localized rash, gastro and respiratory issues, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss