Diabetes Basics
This is the primary problem in diabetes mellitus.
lack of insulin and/or insulin resistance
Which endocrine hormone works by positive feedback?
Oxytocin
What is the normal adrenal medulla catecholamine release ratio?
Epi:Norepi 80:20
Which genetic defects is most commonly associated with MH?
RYR1 receptor
What is the leading cause of death in patients with PUD
hemorrhage
What is the most important electrolyte in DKA?
Potassium
Where is ADH synthesized?
Supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
How does hypermagnesemia effect the PTH?
Can suppress PTH release because high magnesium activates the calcium-sensing receptor in a manner similar to high calcium
What are the two pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophies?
Duchennes and Beckers
What is the most common specific cause of cystitis?
E. Coli
What are microvascular complications of DM?
Retinopathy and nephropathy
What is the triad of symptoms related to Graves disease?
Goiter, exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema
In which endocrine condition is a radial arterial line contraindicated in?
Acromegaly/gigantism
What conditions are characterized by hereditary degeneration of dystrophin-glycoprotein complex
Dystrophies
What are the most common sites for malrotation and volvulus?
cecum and sigmoid colon
What is the biggest aggravating condition for nephropathy
HTN
What hormone does each of the adrenal cortex zones release?
Zona Glomerulosa produces Aldosterone
Zona Fasciculata produces Cortisol
Zona Reticularis produces androgens
Which induction medication is contraindicated in cushings syndrome?
etomidate
Dermatomyositis skin findings include periorbital edema, malar rash, and?
red or purple papules over joints of hands and fingers
Pain related to kidney disease if transmitted by which sympathetic affect neurons?
T10-L1
What is a major postop concern in diabetic patients?
Transient phase of insulin resistance
At what point does adrenal insufficiency become clinically obvious?
Which medication is used for preoperative optimization of pheochromocytoma?
Phenoxybenzamine
What are the early signs of inclusion body myositis?
Asymmetric quadriceps weakness
Wrist and finger flexor weakness
Older adults depend more heavily on what for preload delivery?
atrial kick