DI
What is the pathophysiology of DI?
-Damage to the brain (tumors, trauma, surgery)
-Insufficient ADH response/lack of ADH production
What is the pathophysiology of SIADH?
-Small cell lung cancer
-severe brain trauma
-sepsis infection of the brain (meningitis)
-high levels of ADH with absence of stimuli for its release
What is cystic fibrosis?
-the production of abnormally thick mucus leading to blockage in the pancreatic ducts, intestines, and bronchi
What is COPD?
Constriction of the airway and difficulty or discomfort in breathing (diseases that block airflow)
What is emphysema?
-The loss of lung elasticity and hyperinflation of lung tissue (air trapping)
-destruction of the alveoli
-well perfused, but difficulty breathing (pink puffer)
What are the signs and symptoms of DI?
-Hypernatremia
-polyuria
-polydipsia
-headache
-tachycardia
-weight loss
-dry mucous membranes
What are the signs and symptoms of SIADH?
-Low urine output
-headache
-seizures
-hyponatremia
-severely high blood pressure
-sticky and thick urine
What are signs and symptoms of CF?
-fatigue
-recurrent URI's
-chronic cough
-thick, sticky mucous
-activity intolerance
-possible fertility problems
-easily fatigued
-pursed-lip breathing
-digital clubbing
-barrel chest
-chronic cough
-chronic air trapping
What findings would you find in a patient with emphysema?
-increased CO2 retention
-pursed lip breathing
-unproductive cough if a cough at all
-barrel chest
-use of accessory muscles to breathe
-tripod breathing
-dyspnea
What are the labs for patients with DI?
-Labs are "high and dry"
-high serum osmolality
-low urine osmolality
-high urine output
-hypernatremia
What are the labs for patients with SIADH?
-Low and liquidy labs
-low serum osmolality
-hyponatremia
-high urine osmolality
-low urine output
What is a special indication in newborns with CF?
Meconium ileus
What causes COPD?
-smoking
-exposure to chemical pollution
What is bronchitis?
-Long term inflammation of the bronchi and irritation of the bronchial tubes
-cyanotic lungs
What is desmopressin (ddavp)?
Desmopressin is an antidiuretic that DI patients get to help them retain water.
It replaces ADH.
What medication is given to patients with SIADH?
diuretics
What is the treatment for CF?
-Postural drainage
-coughing
-nebulizers
-chest physiotherapy
What are some nursing interventions for COPD?
-Bipap
-encourage effective coughing
-encourage deep breathing
-increase fluid intake
-no opioids
What assessment findings would you see in a patient with bronchitis?
-hacking cough with increased sputum
-hypoxia
-increased respiratory rate
-digital clubbing
-cardiac enlargement
-possible right sided heart failure
-bloating, edema, JVD, weight gain
What interventions should the nurse perform?
-daily weights
-monitor intake and output
-allow the patient to drink freely
-monitor labs
What interventions should the nurse perform?
-monitor intake an output
-stop all fluids
-give salt
-daily weights
-monitor labs
What is the cause of CF?
What physical assessments indicate that a patient has COPD?
-dyspnea upon exertion
-hypoxemia
-productive cough
-crackles and wheezing
-clubbing of fingers and toes
-barrel chest
What are some interventions for patients with bronchitis?
-mucinex before bed to thin mucous
-cool mist humidifier
-want to encourage pursed lip breathing (breathe in for 2 seconds and out for 4 seconds; decreases shortness of breath by keeping air in the lungs)