Acronyms
Adverse Health Outcomes
Definitions
QSEN 1
QSEN 2
100
What does IOM stand for?
Institute of Medicine: A nonprofit organization established in 1970 as a component of the US National Academy of Sciences that works outside the framework of
government to provide evidence-based research and recommendations for public health and science policy. The mission of the Institute of Medicine is to advance and disseminate scientific knowledge to improve human health.
100
Patient safety moved to the forefront in health care with the release in 1999 of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) landmark report titled:
- A. Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century
- B. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System
Answer: B. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. This report estimated that annually in the United States, up to one million people were injured and 98,000 died as a result of medical errors (IOM, 2000).
100
The concept of medical harm has existed since antiquity (e.g., Hippocrates). What is the term used for medical harm?
Iatrogenic or nosocomial illnesses (i.e., caused by a medication/physician or from being hospitalized, respectively) also known as healthcare-related infections result in nearly $35 billion of additional healthcare expenditures.
100
_________ remain central to providing an environment and culture of safety.
A. Everyone
B. Physicians
C Nurses
C. Nurses
100
How many patients experience preventable harm each year from medical errors?
A. 200,000
B. 300,000
C. 400,000
C. 400,00
Approximately 400,000 hospitalized patients each year experience some type of preventable harm.
200
What does TJC stand for?
An independent, not-for-profit organization, The Joint Commission accredits and certifies nearly 21,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States. Vision 
Statement: All people always experience the safest, highest quality, best-value health care across all settings.
200
Medical errors in hospitals and clinics result in approximately _______ people dying each year.
A. 400,000
B. 200,000
C. 100,000
C. 100,000
According to Rodziewicz & Hipskind (2019), approximately 100,000 people in hospitals and clinics die each year from medical errors.
200
An adverse patient event (adverse event) is:
- A. A preventable healthcare error
- B. A near miss healthcare error
Answer: A. A preventable healthcare error: Investigators in the Harvard Medical Practice Study defined an adverse event as "an injury that was caused by medical management (rather than the underlying disease) and that prolonged the hospitalization, produced a disability at the time of discharge, or both."
200
In the Landmark report from the Institute of Medicine, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System in 1999, how many people are injured each year due to medical errors?
A. 500,000
B. 1 million
C. 2 million
B. 1 million
200
In 2002, The Joint Commission (TJC) established National Patient Safety Goals (NPSG)to improve patient safety. True or False?
True
300
What does the NPSGs stand for?
In 2002, The Joint Commission established National Patient Safety Goals to improve patient safety by assisting healthcare organizations to address specific areas of concern with regard to patient safety. The Joint Commission determines the highest priority patient safety issues and how best to address them. Examples on in Ulrich and Kears (2014) on page 448
300
There are several types of preventable errors made in the healthcare system. Can you name one type of error?
Answer: Preventable adverse events include errors of commission, errors of omission, errors of communication, errors of context, and diagnostic errors (James, 2013).
300
___________ is the culmination of individual and organizational attitude, beliefs, perceptions, competencies and patterns of behavior in the workplace.
A. Safety Culture
B. Just Culture
Answer: A. Safety culture is the culmination of individual and organizational attitude, beliefs, perceptions, competencies and patterns of behavior in the workplace.
300
In this same IOM 1999 Landmark report, how many people die each year from medical errors?
A. 98,000
B. 50,000
C. 150,000
A. 98,000
300
The IOM recommended that all healthcare professionals work on how many specific competencies?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
C. 6
400
What does QSEN stand for?
The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) project, created in 2006, developed a quality and safety framework to be integrated into nursing education. 
The framework was based on recommendations from the IOM (2003) to prepare all health professionals with six core competencies: Patient centered care, teamwork and collaboration, evidence-based care, quality improvement, safety, and informatics.
400
Failing to do the right thing is an act of commission. True or False?
False. An error of commission is doing something wrong. An error of omission is failing to do the right thing.
Near miss: an unsafe situation that is indistinguishable from a preventable adverse event except for the outcome. A patient is exposed to a hazardous situation but does not experience harm either through luck or early detection.
Ulrich & Kear (2014) suggest that inattention to patient context is an underrecognized cause of medical error (“contextual error”), that detecting its presence usually requires listening in on the visit, and that it has significant implications for quality of care.
400
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections decreased in the United States from 2005-2011. True or False?
True. Hospital-acquired infections dropped by 54% (Ulrich & Kear, 2014). "This decline was likely due to increased awareness, major infection control initiatives, and reimbursement incentives/disincentives" (pp. 449-450)
400
There are two major types of medical errors: errors of omission and errors of commission. What type of error is a result of the wrong action being taken?
A. Errors of omissionB. Errors of commission
B. Errors of commission
Errors of omission occur as a result of actions not taken.
Errors of the commission occur as a result of the wrong action taken.
400
List two of the 6 core competencies of Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN).
- Patient centered care
- Quality improvement
- Teamwork and collaboration
- Evidence-based practice
- Safety
- Informatics