Fractures
Incomplete fracture.
One side bends & breaks, the other side is intact.
Common in children; heals well with a cast.
What is Greenstick Fx?
Bone resorption (osteoclasts) exceed bone formation (Osteoblasts).
What is Main Cause?
Elevated levels of uric acid in the blood (hyperuricemia).
What is Primary Cause?
Caused by wear & tear (age & lifestyle); gradual.
Most often found in knees, hands (fingertips), hips & spine.
Asymmetrical, mild inflammation.
What is OA?
Break down old bone; releases minerals into blood.
AKA Resorption.
What is Osteoclasts?
Fracture that twists around the bone shaft.
Caused by twisting injuries.
What is Spiral Fx?
Age >50, females, genetics, low calcium/vitamin D, smoking, inactivity, too much caffeine.
What are Risk Factors?
Positive serum uric acid, synovial crystals present, high inflammatory markers, low or ^ WBCs.
What is Lab Tests?
Autoimmune disorder; body attacks synovial tissue.
Rapid; often found in hands, wrists, feet.
Symmetrical, severe inflammation.
What is RA?
Build new bone tissue; minerals are reabsorbed.
AKA Reabsorption.
What is Osteoblasts?
Incomplete fracture.
One side compresses & buckles inward.
Common in children; bulges on x-ray.
What is Buckle (Torus) Fx?
Scan that measures bone mineral density.
The lower the T-score the weaker the bone structure.
<-2.5 = Osteoporosis.
What is DEXA?
Rapid onset of pain, redness, swelling, tender joints.
Often found in the big toe. `
What is Gout?
T/B cells infiltrate the joint -> cytokines are released -> pannus formation.
What is Process of RA?
Anemia associated with RA.
What is Anemia of Chronic Disease?
Bone breaks through the skin.
High risk of infection; usually requires surgery.
What is:
>-1 = normal
-1 to -2.4 =osteopenia
>-2.5 = osteoporosis
Hard, visible deposits of uric acid crystals in soft tissues.
What is Tophi Formation?
Caused by thickening of the synovial membrane.
Tissue that erodes cartilage & bone.
What is Pannus Formation?
Hematoma -> inflammation -> soft callus -> hard callus -> remodeling.
What is Stages of Bone Healing?
What is Complications?
Lines the inside of joint capsule.
Thickens in RA.
What is Synovial Membrane?
^ RF, Anti-CCP, ESR, CRP.
Low RBCs.
What is RA Labs?