Rapid Review
The rectal temperature that requires urgent evaluation in an infant younger than 3 months.
What is 38.0°C (100.4°F) or higher?
An inflammation of the middle ear, the space behind the eardrum
What is Otitis Media?
Fever and sore mouth followed by painful oral ulcers and a vesicular rash on the hands, feet, and buttocks.
What is hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD)?
Tick-borne illness that typically presents with Erythema migrans rash
What is Lyme Disease?
Tiny, wingless insects that feed on human blood. Primarly found in the hair.
What are lice?
Nasal suctioning, hydration, and oxygen support are the mainstays of care for this common viral infection of infants' small airways.
What is RSV/bronchiolitis?
Bacterial infection of the oral pharynx caused by Group A Streptococcus pyogenes
What is streptococcal pharyngitis or strep throat?
Mild flu-like symptoms followed by a bright red "slapped cheek" rash, then a lacy rash on the trunk and extremities.
What is fifth disease (erythema infectiosum, parvovirus B19)?
Bats, coyotes, foxes, raccoons and skunks transmit this disease
What is rabies?
A contagious skin infestation caused by the microscopic mite that presents as itching and burrow lines.
What are scabies?
Antibiotics may be harmful in this cause of bloody diarrhea because they can increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome.
What is Shiga toxin–producing E. coli (STEC)?
An infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissues
What is Septic Arthritis?
Flu like illness followed by conjunctivitis, coryza, and cough, Koplik spots, then rash that progresses from head to toe
What is Measles?
Tick-borne illness with fever and headache; blanching macules begin on the wrists and ankles, spread centrally and to the palms and soles, then become petechial.
What is Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF)?
Small, flat, reddish-brown insects that hide in mattress seams and bite at night, often leaving itchy welts in a line or cluster.
What are bed bugs?
Instead of neck stiffness, infants with this infection may have a bulging fontanel, irritability, a high-pitched cry, and poor feeding.
What is bacterial meningitis?
A potentially fatal bacterial infection that causes painful muscle spasm, such as lockjaw.
What is Tetanus?
Three to five days of high fever in an infant or toddler; a rash appears as the fever breaks.
What is roseola (HHV-6)?
This mosquito-borne virus can pass from a pregnant person to the fetus and cause microcephaly and other birth defects.
What is Zika virus?
Despite its name, this ring-shaped, scaly skin infection with central clearing is caused by a fungus, not a worm.
What is ringworm (tinea corporis)?
In young infants, this vaccine-preventable respiratory infection may cause apnea or cyanosis instead of its classic whoop.
What is pertussis?
A neurotoxin from Clostridium botulinum causing descending flaccid paralysis; infants may present with constipation, a weak cry, and poor feeding.
What is (infantile) botulism?
Acute onset of a generalized maculopapular rash that starts on the face, spreads downward, and lasts about 3 days, with postauricular and suboccipital lymphadenopathy.
What is rubella?
Tender, swollen lymph nodes near a scratch or bite from a kitten, caused by Bartonella henselae.
What is cat scratch disease?
Most common worm infection in the US. Presents with nocturnal perianal itching, also known as pruritus ani.
What are pinworms?