Vaccines
This live attenuated vaccine is given orally and protects against a virus that primarily causes gastroenteritis in infants.
What is rotavirus vaccine?
This virus causes the classic slapped-cheek rash in children. What can be seen on lab results?
What is Parvovirus and thrombocytopenia?
The most common cause of neonatal sepsis in the first 24 hours of life. What is the cause?
What is GBS and maternal GBS status?
First-line oral antibiotic for uncomplicated streptococcal pharyngitis in children and duration.
What is penicillin/amoxicillin for 10 days?
This virus is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants <6 months, but in children >2 years, it more commonly presents as wheezing or recurrent asthma-like symptoms. What is the treatment?
What is RSV and supportive care?
The 4th dose of this conjugate vaccine is given at 12–15 months to prevent invasive disease caused by a Gram-positive encapsulated coccus.
What is pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV20)?
A child has fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis followed by a maculopapular rash starting on the face.
What is measles?
This virus can cause congenital infections leading to sensorineural hearing loss, microcephaly, and hepatosplenomegaly. What is the treatment?
What is CMV and ganciclovir?
This is the preferred empiric therapy for a child with suspected bacterial meningitis aged <1 month.
What is ampicillin and gentamicin (or cefotaxime)?
A 2-year-old presents with fever, vesicular lesions in the mouth, hands, and feet, and a sibling has mild gastroenteritis. The most likely causative virus belongs to this family.
What is enterovirus?
At what age should this vaccine should be given to adolescents to prevent a sexually transmitted infection that can cause cervical cancer. How many doses?
What is the HPV vaccine at 11 years of age and 2 doses 6 months apart?
A neonate presents with vesicular lesions along a dermatome. This virus is the usual cause. How is it treated?
What is VZV and valacyclovir?
This sexually transmitted infection can cause ophthalmia neonatorum if not prophylaxed at birth.
What is Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
A 9-year-old with a history of penicillin anaphylaxis presents with mild community-acquired pneumonia. Blood cultures are negative. Which empiric therapy is safest, considering typical pathogens and cross-reactivity risk?
What is azithromycin?
A preteen boy develops unilateral testicular swelling two weeks after a parotitis illness despite prior vaccination. This is a known complication of the virus, which can occasionally cause CNS involvement.
What is mumps?
A child presents with a high fever, cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis. This vaccine prevents this disease. At what age are these given?
What is the MMR vaccine and 1, 4 years of age?
This bacterial infection can cause a “sandpaper-like” rash and strawberry tongue in a 6-year-old.
What is scarlet fever (GAS)?
A newborn has a maculopapular rash, hepatosplenomegaly, and snuffles. This congenital infection is likely. How are you treating?
What is congenital syphilis (Treponema pallidum) treated with IV PCN for 10 days?
This is the drug of choice for treating pediatric Lyme disease with early localized infection and for how long?
What is doxycyline for 10 days?
A 14-year-old presents with fever, pharyngitis, and posterior cervical lymphadenopathy. Lab shows atypical lymphocytes. The virus establishes lifelong latency in B cells. Which virus is this, and what rare complication is critical to monitor?
This vaccine series is contraindicated in children with severe combined immunodeficiency due to risk of vaccine-strain infection.
What is the live attenuated rotavirus or MMR/varicella vaccines?
A child presents with fever, rash, and a recent tick bite in ICU with hyponatremia and thrombocytopenia.
What is RMSF?
This bacterial infection is transmitted from the mother and can cause early-onset pneumonia, meningitis, or sepsis, often in preterm infants, and is Gram-negative. What is the treatment duration and management?
What is Escherichia coli (especially K1 strain)? Treated with 21 days of abx (depending on susceptibilities) with repeat LP.
A 3-week-old neonate presents with fever and suspected sepsis. You want empiric coverage for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. You consider cefotaxime versus ceftriaxone. Which do you choose and why, and what combination ensures full coverage?
What is cefotaxime plus ampicillin (covers GBS, E. coli, Listeria), because ceftriaxone is contraindicated in neonates due to risk of bilirubin displacement and precipitates with calcium-containing IV fluids)?
A newborn develops cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, and hepatosplenomegaly. Maternal infection occurred in the first trimester. What is this congenital infection?
What is congenital rubella? Distinguished by cataracts and patent ductus arteriosus (CMV usually has periventricular calcifications and thrombocytopenia).