Infant Development
What is the correct terminology for a child who is 1 week and 3 days out the womb?
What is a neonate.
(aka 14 day trial)
During recess you observe Susie complete hopscotch correctly then run across the playground to then bounce and catch a small ball.
What is a 5 year old?
These automatic reactions help control the body's center of gravity and allow a person to move without fear of falling.
(Bonus: what level are these reactions +50)
What are equilibrium reactions
Bonus: cortical (highest level)
A toddler must be able to do what independently before beginning to ambulate.
What is static independent standing.
A child picks up several small objects, moves them from the fingers into the palm, then returns them from the palm to the fingers without using the other hand. Name this in-hand manipulation skill.
What is translation?
What position would you place a 2-3 month old infant to observe extended legs, lateral weight shifting, and 45o head lift.
What is prone.
During a kickball game Jack uses trunk rotation and demonstrates control with the ball is pitched to him, he then runs with a reciprocal arm swing to 1st base and when he gets there does a celebratory jump with a 180o turn.
What is a 4yr old.
While an infant is prone, the PT strokes the skin alongside the left side of the spine. The infant responds by curving the trunk towards one side. What primitive reflex is being demonstrated and what side did the infant curve towards?
What is galant and the stimulated side should curve (left).
What age does 1. gait start to look "normal" 2. gait fully mature 3. Does running fully mature.
What is 3 years, 7 years, and 6 years.
At around what age (in months) does a child typical learn hand orientation.
What is 5 months.
What pair most closely fits the category 4-6 months ?
Segmental rolling + creeping
Log rolling + beginning quadruped
Plantigrade + protective extension all directions
Cruising + sitting transitions
What is log rolling and beginning quadruped.
John is concerned that his daughter will never amount the be the athlete of his dreams because while playing catch she reaches out with extended elbows and awkwardly flings the ball and attempts underhand with no apparent direction or aim. She also really loves imaginary doll play. Guess her age and should John be concerned?
What is a normal 2 year old, John let her be a toddler.
What order would you expect to see the 3 protective extension upper extremity reactions occur and at what months should they develop?
(Bonus: demonstrate all 3 in order +30)
What is forward 6 months, sideways 7 months, and backwards 8-10 months.
Name at least 3 of the 4 reasons why cruising is a vital developmental skill
1. unilateral weight bearing
2. weight shifting
3. balance
4. synergistic hip ab/adduction
At what age is reaching expected to be "refined" and no longer awkward and why?
What is 4 months and due to core stability becoming established.
What standing progression would you expect to see in a 2-6 month old, when held up into a standing position?
What is astasia.
At the dinner table Lucy uses a spoon to eat her rice and demonstrates ability to put on her shoes although often on the wrong foot. She goes up and down stairs in a step to pattern. She wakes up from naps dry and pulls her pants up and down. Her mother wants to start potty training. What is her expected age and what would you recommend and why?
What is a 2 year old and waking up dry and pulling her pants up and down is a good sign for potty training.
Katie is 1 month old. You turn her head to the right. What would you expect to happen at the bilateral upper and lower extremities, what primitive reflex is being demonstrated, and when should it integrate?
Her right UE/LE should extend and her left UE/LE should be flexed, this is an ATNR, that should integrate between 4-6 months.
Why do we prefer soft soles or barefoot for infants and early walking?
Barefoot is good for development of foot intrinsics and balance strategies have room to adapt.
During craft time, a child turns a pencil around in one hand to use the eraser without using the opposite hand. They also rest their hand on the table when writing. What in-hand manipulation skill is being demonstrated and what age do we suspect the child is?
What is in hand rotation and 6 years old.
A toddler is weight bearing through their legs and moving along furniture while holding on for support. What age range could this toddler fall into and what activity are they performing?
What is 12-24 months and cruising.
Bailey's can stand on 1 leg for about 1 second and walks with a high guard she does not yet respond to "no or bye", and creeps and scoots up the stairs. She cannot yet comprehend how to catch but still celebrates when you throw something her way. What age most aligns with her presentation and are there any concerns?
What is a 1 year old, and her social skills are concerning.
More specifically I would expect her to be almost two (because she can stand on 1 leg) and 15 months and no response to no and bye is a red flag. Refer to speech.
Six-month-old Lindsey is eating Cheerios. As her hand repeatedly brushes against her right cheek while bringing food to her mouth, she involuntarily turns her head, mouth, and tongue toward the right, interrupting her ability to feed herself. Being specific, what appears to be interfering with Lindsey’s feeding?
Bonus: Give an intervention to help this +500
What is an obligatory or persistent rooting reflex that should have integrated by 4 months?
bonus: anything relating to avoiding her stimulating her cheek so the reflex can integrate.
A child demonstrates reciprocal arm swing and emerging heel strike, minimal out-toeing, and a longer single-limb stance of approximately 34% of the gait cycle. What stage of gait development is this, and at approximately what age is it seen?
What is immature walking and approximately 2 years old.
Jeremy's mom places his bottle 8in front him, towards midline and he fully extends both arm and holds the bottle with 2 hands. She also lays cheerios out in front of him he gets excited, laughs, and picks them up in raking matter. Given the information describe what age range is this child and name 1 reflex you would we expect to integrate around this time.
What is 4-6 months and...
palmar grasp, ATNR, or rooting