Forensics
This type of fingerprint pattern is the most common and includes plain and tented varieties.
Loop
This level of offense is the most serious classification of crime
Felony
After checking for victims and locating suspects, this is the first priority of officers arriving at a crime scene
Securing the Scene
Before conducting a frisk during a stop, an officer must have this level of suspicion that a person may be armed
Reasonable Suspicion
These twelve people are responsible for deciding the facts of a criminal case during a trial
Jury
This forensic database system is used by law enforcement to compare fingerprint records electronically
AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Identification System)
Police officers must generally have this legal standard before making an arrest or obtaining a warrant
Probable Cause
Investigators use this type of photography to capture the entire crime scene before evidence is moved
What are overall photographs
This document allows police officers to legally search a specific location for evidence
Search Warrant
This type of witness provides specialized knowledge or opinions based on training and experience
Expert Witness
The forensic database system used by law enforcement to compare DNA profiles
CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)
This Pennsylvania court handles preliminary hearings and summary offenses
Magisterial District Court
This documents who collected, handled, transferred, and stored evidence
Chain of Custody
Officers use this to document observations, actions taken, and evidence collected during an incident
Police Report
This constitutional protection prevents a defendant from being tried twice for the same offense after acquittal or conviction
Double Jeopardy
Investigators use this chemical to develop latent fingerprints on paper evidence by reacting with amino acids.
Ninhydrin
In Pennsylvania, drivers under 21 are considered legally impaired at this BAC level
0.02% bac
This type of evidence includes hair, blood, saliva, and fingerprints left behind at a scene
Physical Evidence
Under the Fourth Amendment, evidence obtained illegally may be excluded from court under this legal principle
Exclusionary Rule
This standard of proof is required for a criminal conviction in court
Proof Beyond a Reasonable Doubt
In bloodstain pattern analysis, these stains are typically produced when a blood source experiences a force greater than normal gravity, such as a gunshot
High-velocity impact spatter stains
What Title number contains the Pennsylvania Rules of Criminal Procedure
234
This crime scene search pattern is commonly used in large outdoor scenes and involves investigators walking parallel with each other
line/strip search pattern
This U.S. Supreme Court case established that police may briefly detain and search a person for weapons based on reasonable suspicion
Terry v. Ohio
This courtroom procedure occurs when a defendant is formally informed of the charges against them and enters a plea
Formal Arraignment