Terminology I
Cardiac output
What is the amount of blood ejected per minute? or
What is equal to heart rate X (times) stroke volume?
Afterload
What is resistance heart must work against?
Largest waveform on ECG of normal sinus rhythm
What is the QRS complex?
Skin & eyes
What are Xanthoma (skin) formation & Xanthelasma formation (eyes)
Eyes
What is damage to microvessels of the retina?
Venous return
What is the amount of blood returning to the heart?
Preload
What is the amount of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole?
atrial depolarization
What does the p-wave represent?
Kidney
What is increased likelihood of kidney dysfunction, elevated creatinine, reduced glomerular filtration?
Kidneys
What is damage to kidney arteries, altering filtration ability?
Natriuretic peptide
What is the factor that is released when atria & ventricles experience stretching due to elevated fluid volume?
Renin
What factor is released by juxtaglomerular cells in response to low kidney perfusion?
1st waveform on ECG tracing in normal sinus rhythm
What is the p wave?
Brain
What is increased risk for stroke?
Brain
What is increased risk for stroke?
Stroke volume
What is the amount of blood ejected per beat?
Contractility
What is force of contraction, related to intracellular calcium levels?
ventricular depolarization
Heart
What is increased risk for myocardial infarction and coronary artery occlusions?
Heart
What is increased risk for heart failure & LVH?
Angiotensin-converting enzyme
What enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?
Ejection fraction
What is the percentage of end-diastolic volume ejected each beat?
60-100 BPM
What is a normal heart rate?
Blood vessels
What is atherosclerotic plaque formation leading to vascular diseases?
Blood vessels
What is increased risk of vascular injury & increased risk of aneurysm and aortic dissection?