Vocab
Atoms that gain or lose electrons are called
ions
Which element has the largest ionization energy:
P, S, or Cl
Cl- since it has an increased nuclear charge and no added electron energy levels, electrons are pulled in more closely to the nucleus and therefore are harder to remove (requires a larger amount of energy)
Elements in the same group of the periodic table also have the same ______
number of valence electrons
How many valence electrons do the noble gases have?
8 (a full octet)
name the four blocks on the periodic table
s, p, d, f
Periodic law states that elements show a periodic repetition of their properties when arranged by _____
increasing atomic number
Which has the smallest atomic radius:
Strontium, Indium, Tin
Tin- it is the furthest to the right of the periodic table meaning its electrons are pulled in more tightly to the nucleus due to increased nuclear charge and no increase in electron energy levels
What is the group, period, and block of an atom with the electron configuration [Ar]4s23d10?
group 12, period 4, d-block
what can knowing the number of valence electrons tell you about an elements location on the periodic table?
number of valence electrons = group number on periodic table for main group elements
Where are the nonmetals found on the periodic table?
upper right (exception is hydrogen)
Reactive elements of Group 17 (7A) that are poor conductors
halogens
Which element has the largest electronegativity, oxygen, tellurium, sulfur, or polonium?
oxygen
Which main group does magnesium belong to?
alkaline earth metals
an element with the electron configuration [Ne]3s23p4 has how many valence electrons? Which element is it?
6 valence electrons; sulfur
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in his periodic table?
no known elements fit
Highly reactive elements that belong to Group 1 are called _______ and Group 2 elements that have two valence electrons are called ________
alkali metals; alkaline earth metals
Explain why atomic radius decreases moving across a period of the periodic table
increased nuclear charge moving across a period with the addition of protons, but electrons are staying in the same principal energy level (approx. the same distance away from the nucleus, but the nucleus is getting bigger) therefore they are being pulled in more tightly to the nucleus
What element is in group 4A (14) and period 6
lead
the alkaline earth metals have how many valence electrons?
2
Why do sodium and potassium have similar properties?
they have the same number of valence electrons and therefore behave similarly chemically and physically
Elements that belong to Groups 3-12B
transition elements
Explain how ionization energy and atomic radius are related and why they follow opposite trends on the periodic table
the more tightly electrons are pulled into the nucleus, the more energy it takes to remove them
What element is has 5 valence electrons and has valence electrons in the 3rd principle energy level?
phosphorus
Why would groups like the halogens and the alkali metals be considered very reactive?
Which of the following is NOT true of an atom obeying the octet rule?
a. Obtains a full set of eight valence electrons
b. Acquires the valence configuration of a noble gas
c. Possess eight electrons in total
d. Has a s2p6 valence configuration
c. possess eight electrons in total