Antibiotics
This antibiotic class works by disrupting bacterial cell wall synthesis.
What are beta-lactams (penicillins)?
This antiviral is used for HSV and VZV infections.
What is acyclovir?
These four first-line TB drugs are remembered by the acronym RIPE
Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, and Ethambutol
This is the general principle of HIV treatment: patients are treated with multiple drugs from different classes to prevent this major problem.
What is drug resistance?
This medication is a biologic DMARD used for autoimmune disease and increases infection risk by suppressing the immune system.
What is etanercept?
This IV antibiotic can cause red man syndrome, with symptoms like flushing, erythema, prurius, chest/back pain, and sometimes hypotension, so it should be infused slowly.
What is vancomycin?
This antiviral is used for influenza and works best if started within 48 hours of symptoms.
What is oseltamivir (Tamiflu)?
Patients on isoniazid (INH) oftentimes receive vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) to mitigate this side effect
What is peripheral neuropathy?
This HIV drug class includes abacavir and zidovudine.
What are NRTIs (nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors)?
This medication is a calcineurin inhibitor commonly used in transplant patients and requires close monitoring for toxicity.
What is cyclosporine?
(Tacrolimus also acceptable)
This antibiotic class is known for ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity and often requires peak and trough monitoring.
What are aminoglycosides?
(Example: gentamicin)
This antifungal is known for significant nephrotoxicity and infusion-related reactions, especially in its conventional form.
What is amphotericin B?
This TB medication may turn body fluids orange-red and can reduce effectiveness of many drugs due to enzyme induction.
What is rifampin?
This drug class includes darunavir and is often associated with many drug-drug interactions.
What are protease inhibitors (PIs)?
This medication is a synthetic DMARD / chemotherapy agent that requires major safety teaching related to toxicity and monitoring.
What is methotrexate?
This antibiotic should not be given with dairy, iron, or antacids because absorption is decreased.
What is tetracycline?
This version of amphotericin B is preferred when trying to reduce kidney toxicity.
What is liposomal amphotericin B (Ambisome)?
This TB medication is especially important to monitor for vision changes and optic neuritis.
What is ethambutol?
Medications such as ritonavir and cobicistat are not primarily used for their antiviral effect, but to have this effect on other HIV meds.
What are pharmacokinetic boosters / boost drug levels?
This type of immunity occurs when a person develops protection after receiving a vaccine.
What is active immunity?
This antibiotic is often associated with C. diff diarrhea and is commonly used for anaerobic infections.
What is clindamycin?
This topical or oral antifungal is commonly used for superficial fungal infections such as oral candidiasis.
What is nystatin?
This public health strategy is used in TB treatment to improve adherence and prevent resistance by watching the patient take the medication.
What is Directly Observed Therapy (DOT)?
This medication combination is commonly used for PrEP to reduce HIV transmission risk.
What is tenofovir/emtricitabine?
This vaccine type is generally contraindicated in severely immunocompromised patients.
What is a live vaccine?