pharmocokinetics and pharmacodynamics
What is bioavailability?
rate at which a drug makes it to its destination and becomes available to the site of action for which it is intended.
what are semi-solids meant for ?
topical application.
What is a syrup?
A sugar based solution in which medication has been dissolved in them;improves taste.
suppositories can be used both___ and ____
rectally and Vaginally
Solids can be administered by almost all routes EXCEPT_____
parenterally
Is drug distribution equal throughout the body?
no, not necessarily.
medication in a glycol or oil base
ointments
Contain dissolved medication in either an alcohol or hydroalcoholic base.
Elixirs
what is the main use for vaginal suppositories?
to treat vaginal infections.
What is the purpose of enteric coating?
to protect the drug through the acidic environment of the stomach.
What is the last phase of a drugs life in the body?
Elimination.
____ are thinner than creams because they contain more water.
lotions
Spirits are__?
aromatic solutions of drugs designed to evaporate quickly.
powders reduce the amount of ___ in an area.
moisture
Most tablets contain fillers such as____?
sugar coatings , color additives.
Drugs can be excreted in many ways such as ___?
feces, exhalation,breast milk, urine and , sweat glands
What is the base for creams?
part oil and part water.
what should have a "shake well" sticker and an expiration date?
suspensions
powders can be packaged in some forms that allow them to be ____ , similar to _____ dosage forms.
sprayed;liquid
Why shouldn't tablets be cut in half unless they are scored?
If the tablet is not scored the amount of active ingredients in each half of the pill may not be equal.
The first pass effect lowers a drugs___?
bioavailability
What makes pastes different to other topical agents?
they contain a smaller amount of liquid base than solids and they are able to absorb skin secretions unlike other topical agents.
What is the most common use of an enema?
to evacuate lower intestines to prepare for surgeries or labor.
rectal suppositories are important if the patient has___
nausea and vomiting.
What is a spansule?
a capsule that can be pulled apart to sprinkle the medication into food.