Principles of Pharmacology
This is what the body does to the drug
What is pharmacokinetics
These are 3 reasons why adverse drug reactions occur
lack of drug knowledge, underuse, overuse, misuse, dosing mistakes, DDI, lack of patient info, allergies, poor communication
This commonly used OTC medicine is on the KID list of potentially harmful drugs. This drug can cause Reye's syndrome in children who have a viral illness
What is Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto Bismol)
This is when the antibiotic arrests growth and replication of bacteria
What is bacteriostatic
These are the 2 major classes of beta lactam antibiotics
what are penicillins and cephalosporins
will accept the carbapenems and monobactams
These are the 4 principles of how drugs are processed through the body
What is absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
A patient develops serum sickness with fever, joint pain, and a rash after receiving a medication. This reaction is classified as a Type _____ hypersensitivity reaction.
III
A neonate's body weight is comprised of this much water and therefore has a wider distribution of volume over an adult
what is 75-80%
These are some factors to consider when switching a patient from a parenteral antibiotic to an oral one (at least 3)
What are: when there is a normal white blood cell count, normal temperature, patient can take and absorb orals normally, and an oral equivalent exists
this is the reaction a patient gets when combining alcohol with metronidazole
what is a disulfiram reaction
These are 3 goals of the use of medications
What are prevent, cure, or control disease states
This commonly used OTC drug used for fever and/or pain can be hepatotoxic
what is acetaminophen
In an elderly patient, this class of medications may be best to treat anxiety or depression
What is an SSRI or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
To treat a patient with a cellulitis infection that does not show signs and symptoms of systemic involvement, this is the best route
what is oral/systemic rather than parenteral
For somebody who was bitten by a dog, and has no allergies to medications this would be a good first line choice of oral antibiotic
what is amoxicillin-clavulanic acid
Schedule II controlled substance prescriptions may be refilled _____ times before a new prescription is required
What is 0
A patient taking doxycycline develops an exaggerated sunburn reaction after minimal sun exposure. This adverse drug reaction is known as __________________.
what is photosensitivity
In a pregnant patient an acidic drug is going to be slower to absorb because of this occurring.
What is decreased acid production or higher pH of gastric environment.
this is when there is a persistent suppression of microbial growth occurs after the levels of antibiotics fall below the minimum inhibitory concentration
This is the only cephalosporin that is metabolized and excreted both by the liver and this is the generation it belongs to
what is ceftriaxone
what is 3rd gen
This is the number (or license) that allows you to prescribe controlled substances
What is a drug enforcement administration or DEA number
This is a drug that is metabolized by an enzyme system and then exerts its effects.
what is a substrate or a prodrug
This is the lab we monitor especially in the elderly population when deciding on a drug dose to be sure it is safe for their kidneys to excrete it.
estimated glomerular filtration rate stemming from the creatinine clearance
this is 3 ways antibiotics develop resistance
What is altered expression of proteins by modification of target sites, decreased uptake or increased efflux, enzymatic inactivation
Genetic alterations in the bacterial DNA
This specific antibiotic can commonly cause c. diff infections and this is the class it belongs to
what is clindamycin
what is a lincosamide