Kidney Function & Failure
This hormone, secreted by the kidneys, stimulates red blood cell production
erythropoietin
This system is the primary homeostatic mechanism for controlling blood pressure and involves renin, angiotensin, and aldosterone
the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
This prototype nitrate drug rapidly terminates angina pain by causing vasodilation of veins and coronary arteries.
Nitroglycerin
This adverse effect, characterized by swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, can be life-threatening and is associated with ACE inhibitors.
Angioedema
This prototype ACE inhibitor is used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and to improve survival after myocardial infarction by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Lisinopril
This is the best marker for estimating renal function, measuring the volume of filtrate passing through Bowman’s capsule per minute
glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
This antihypertensive drug class works by inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors
This beta blocker is a first-line medication for chronic angina pain and reduces cardiac workload by slowing heart rate.
Atenolol
This medication should never be taken with sildenafil due to the risk of life-threatening hypotension
nitroglycerin
This prototype ARB blocks angiotensin II from binding to its receptors, leading to vasodilation and is used to treat hypertension and protect kidney function in diabetic nephropathy
Losartan
This class of diuretics is most effective for rapid, severe fluid overload and works by blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
Loop Diuretics
This antihypertensive drug class blocks angiotensin II from binding to its receptors.
angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)
This thrombolytic drug is used to dissolve clots in acute myocardial infarction by converting plasminogen to plasmin
Retaplase
This adverse effect, common with nitroglycerin use, is caused by cerebral vasodilation and can be severe enough to require discontinuation of the drug
Headache
This prototype alpha-1 adrenergic blocker is used to treat both hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia by relaxing vascular and prostate smooth muscle
Doxazosin
This diuretic class acts on the distal convoluted tubule to block sodium reabsorption and is commonly used to treat mild to moderate hypertension.
Thiazide Diuretics
This calcium channel blocker is used to treat hypertension and angina by causing vasodilation
nifedipine
This type of angina is characterized by chest pain that occurs more frequently, more intensely, and even at rest, and is considered a medical emergency
unstable angina
This calcium channel blocker is contraindicated in patients with severe hypotension, sick sinus syndrome without a pacemaker, or second- or third-degree AV block due to the risk of worsening bradycardia and heart failure.
diltiazem
This prototype direct-acting vasodilator is used for severe hypertension and hypertensive emergencies by causing rapid arterial smooth muscle relaxation
hydralazine
This diuretic class provides diuresis without affecting potassium levels by blocking aldosterone or sodium channels.
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
This antihypertensive drug is also used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia by blocking alpha-1 receptors on vascular smooth muscle.
doxazosin
This sequence of medications, remembered by an acronym, is used in the initial management of a patient experiencing a myocardial infarction
MONA - Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, and Aspirin
This drug is contraindicated in patients with active internal bleeding or a history of hemorrhagic stroke due to the risk of life-threatening bleeding
Reteplase
This prototype calcium channel blocker is used to treat hypertension and angina by causing vasodilation and reducing cardiac workload
Nifedipine