Alphas VS Betas
Where are alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors located?
Blood vessels (alpha 1: eyes, salivary, and bladder) (alpha 2: GI)
When would you use epinephrine?
Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), cardiac arrest
What is the use for Dobutamine?
Management of heart failure and cardiogenic shock
How do beta blockers work?
They block stimulation of beta 1 and beta 2 adrenergic receptor sites therefore decreasing blood pressure and heart rate.
What is Bethanechol used for?
Urinary retention
Where are Beta 1 receptors located?
Heart and Kidneys
What effects does epinephrine have on the body?
positive chronotropic and inotropic response in the heart, increased blood pressure, and dilation of bronchial tubes in the lungs.
What are some common side effects of Dobutamine?
HTN, increased heart rate (tachycardia), PVCs, shortness of breath, and palpitations.
What patients should not use beta blockers?
Patients with asthma or COPD, patients with low HR
What are the uses for Pilocarpine?
Glaucoma and dry mouth
Where are Beta 2 receptors located?
lungs and GI
What should you monitor with epinephrine?
What is Albuterol used for?
To dilate bronchial tubes in the lungs to give relief from bronchospasms
What are beta blockers used for?
tachydysrhythmias, test anxiety, migraines, and HTN
What is donepezil used for? How does it work?
Dementia patients, inhibits acetylcholinesterase improving cholinergic function by making more acetylcholine available.
What does dopaminergic mean?
What order should you have to go along with dopamine when giving it to a patient?
An order for IV fluids.
How does Albuterol work?
prevents broncospasms by relaxing smooth muscle
Name a beta blocker.
Propranolol
What type of medication doesn't get along with pretty much any other drug?
MAOI's
What happens when Beta 1 receptors are stimulated?
Heart rate increases and the hearts strength of contraction/contractility increase.
What are the uses for dopamine in low, mid, and high doses?
low dose=increase perfusion in the kidneys
mid dose=support or increase blood pressure
high dose=support blood pressure during shock
What are the side effects of Albuterol?
Tachycardia, tremors, and dizziness
What are some nursing considerations with beta blockers?
Medication should not be stopped abruptly, use with caution in diabetic patients because it masks symptoms of hypoglycemia, patient could be at risk for rebound HTN.
How does Clonidine work?
Works in the CNS (brain) and decreases the sympathetic response from brainstem to peripheral vessels therefore decreasing cardiac output and vasodilation resulting in lower blood pressure.