Cardiovascular System
This class of medication lowers blood pressure by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II.
What are ACE inhibitors?
This neurotransmitter activates muscarinic receptors in the parasympathetic nervous system.
What is acetylcholine?
This short-acting beta-2 agonist is commonly used as a rescue medication for acute bronchospasm.
What is albuterol?
This loop diuretic is commonly used to treat edema associated with heart failure.
What is furosemide (Lasix)?
The provider orders 500 mg of a medication. Each tablet contains 250 mg. How many tablets should be administered?
What is 2 tablets?
This medication class slows the heart rate and may be used to treat hypertension and certain cardiac arrhythmias.
What are beta-blockers?
This medication class blocks muscarinic receptors and may cause dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention.
What are anticholinergics
This class of inhaled medications reduces airway inflammation and is commonly used for long-term asthma control.
What are inhaled corticosteroids?
This electrolyte can become dangerously low when a patient takes loop or thiazide diuretics.
What is potassium?
The order is for 375 mg of an oral medication. The liquid contains 250 mg per 5 mL. How many mL should be administered?
What is 7.5 mL?
A patient taking lisinopril develops a persistent dry cough. This is a known adverse effect of this medication class.
What are ACE inhibitors?
Albuterol stimulates these receptors to relax bronchial smooth muscle and improve airflow.
What are beta-2 adrenergic receptors?
A patient using inhaled fluticasone should take this action after each dose to reduce the risk of oral candidiasis.
What is rinse the mouth with water and spit it out?
This potassium-sparing diuretic blocks aldosterone receptors and may cause hyperkalemia.
What is spironolactone (Aldactone)?
A patient must receive 1,000 mL of IV fluid over 8 hours using an infusion pump. What rate should the pump be set to in mL/hr?
What is 125 mL/hr?
Before administering metoprolol, a nurse assesses a patient's heart rate of 48 beats/min and blood pressure of 90/56 mmHg. The nurse should take this action before giving the dose.
What is hold the medication and assess the patient, following prescribed parameters and contacting the prescriber as appropriate?
A patient receiving propranolol develops wheezing. This pharmacologic property of propranolol can contribute to bronchoconstriction.
What is nonselective beta-1 and beta-2 receptor blockade?
A patient uses albuterol repeatedly for worsening shortness of breath, but symptoms continue to get worse. This is the appropriate next step.
What is seek urgent medical evaluation rather than relying on repeated rescue inhaler use?
A patient taking furosemide reports muscle weakness. Laboratory results show potassium of 2.8 mEq/L. This is the priority concern.
What is hypokalemia with risk for potentially dangerous cardiac dysrhythmias?
A child weighs 20 kg. The prescribed dose is 15 mg/kg per dose. The medication is available as 100 mg per 5 mL. How many mL are needed for one dose?
What is 15 mL?
A patient taking digoxin reports nausea and yellow-green visual disturbances. The patient's potassium level is 2.9 mEq/L. These findings suggest this potentially serious medication complication.
What is digoxin toxicity?
A patient experiences severe bradycardia after taking too much of a cholinergic medication. This medication may be used to reverse clinically significant muscarinic effects, depending on the agent and clinical situation
What is atropine?
A patient with asthma takes propranolol and develops increased wheezing. Explain the pharmacologic reason for this reaction.
What is blockade of beta-2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, which can cause bronchoconstriction and reduce the effectiveness of beta-2 agonists?
A patient with heart failure takes furosemide and digoxin. Explain why monitoring potassium is particularly important for this patient.
What is hypokalemia increases the risk of digoxin toxicity and cardiac dysrhythmias?
An IV medication is ordered at 5 mcg/kg/min for a patient weighing 80 kg. The solution contains 400 mg in 250 mL. Calculate the infusion rate in mL/hr.
What is 15 mL/hr?