Theories
Is Descartes a rationalist or an empiricist?
Rationalist
What was Descartes searching for?
A firm foundation of knowledge/ an undoubtable fact
Why is Hume an empiricist?
Because he thought that knowledge must come from experiences rather than reasoning
Who does Kant side with: Descartes, Hume, or both
He takes some elements from both
Define "epistemology"
The study of knowledge
Is Hume a rationalist or empiricist?
Empiricist
What were descartes 3 escalations of doubt?
Sense experiences, Possible dream world, Evil Demon Hypothesis
What is an impression?
A direct relation with a set of information. A vivid experience where we learn information about something
Name the ethical theory that Kant is known for
Deontology
Descartes thought that trustworthy knowledge came from pure ________.
reason
Define "rationalism"
Knowledge is discovered through reason
What is the Cogito?
We exist as a 'thinking self', "I think therefore I am"
Explain the Copy Principle
Ideas are copies of previous impressions
Kant critiques Hume's epistemology because experience cannot account for truths that are _______ and _________.
necessary and universal
define a priori truth
"knowledge from before" A truth that is universal, and can be accessed through reason, no experience needed
define "empiricism"
Knowledge is discovered through experience
If a fact can be ___________, then it is not the foundation of knowledge
doubted
What 'force' did Hume think we cannot prove exists?
causation
Kant critiques Descartes because pure reason gives us throughts with no __________
Content
define synthetic truth
truth learned through additional information from experience
Was Kant considered a rationalist or empiricist?
Trick question: he combined elements from both!
What does the Wax Argument display?
Reason gives us know knowledge/understanding than experience
Hume: The only thing we ever directly perceive are our ____________.
perceptions
Explain the Categorical Imperative
We must always act in accordance with universal moral laws. We must never partake in an action unless that action is universally accepted.
what do the J, T, and B stand for in the JTB account of knowledge
Justified True Belief