Anarchism & Socialism
Who posits 'morality comes from our ego?'
Stirner
- government intervention can be costly
- increase taxation
- balancing freedom and equality can be difficult
- government regulation can reduce economic efficiency
- disagreement potential over how much intervention is appropriate
What Philosophy?
P1. Society should be organised so all people have equal opportunities to flourish
P2. Capitalism creates inequality by concentrating wealth and power in the hands of the few
C. Society should use collective action and government intervention to promote equality
Socialism
What's the point of discussing a zombie apocalypse? 50 points
What is Mrs Bell's favourite Doctor? 50 points
All of our political philosophies are based on a society that runs while considers individual rights and government involvement
David Tennant :-)
EA - what do I do during perusal (2 things)
1. Find out the philosophies
2. Acrostic poem for philosophy
What is Proudhon's thoughts on the government?
Government is evil
Define free market (2)
- an economic system
- individuals and businesses exchange goods and services
- volunteer based
- minimal government regulation
P1. people cannot be truly free of poverty, discrimination, or lack of opportunity.
P2. Governments can help remove barriers that limit people's opportunities and life chances.
P3. Protecting both individual rights and social welfare promotes a fairer society.
C. ?
C. Therefore, governments should actively protect individual rights and promote social welfare in order to create a fairer society with greater equality of opportunity.
C. Therefore, governments should remove barriers to opportunity while protecting individual rights and social welfare.
When should I use my thesis (minimum 4)
- intro
- philosophy 1
- philosophy 2
- combine paragraph of strongest
- conclusion
When asked a 'to what extent' question, what are 3 answers you can use?
significant, moderate, minimal
Define Socialism (3)
- Public or collective ownership
- Governed by proletariat by democratic or revolutionary means
- Goal is to reduce class inequality
Which philosopher developed the Veil of Ignorance.
Define
John Rawls
a philosophical thought experiment designed to create fair rules and a just society by blocking people from knowing their personal social status or identity
100 points each
Define:
Formal equality
Negative freedom
Equity
the idea that all individuals should be treated the same under the law regardless of circumstance or background
freedom from interference by others, especially the government
fairness involving allocating resources or support based on need in order to achieve just outcomes
What core value is most important to libertarians?
Individual freedom / liberty
Which philosophy would most oppose compulsory taxation and welfare? why? Put in order
Libertarian
Anarchism
Social liberalism
Socialism
What were Marx's key critiques of capitalism?
- Exploitative
- Interferes and dominates
- Alienates
- Inefficient
- Inequality
Summarise Social Liberalism (4)
- true freedom requires protection from coercion
- promotes positive conditions - education, welfare, fair economic rules
- allows individuals to fully develop their capacities
- mixed economy of individualism and government with social services
P1. Individuals are the rightful owners of their own lives and property.
P2. Government coercion limits individual freedom and autonomy.
P3. Free individuals making voluntary choices produce the most just and prosperous society.
Write a conclusion
C. Therefore, government intervention should be kept to a minimum in order to maximise individual liberty.
OR
C. Therefore, society should maximise individual freedom and limit government control.
Describe distributive justice
The idea that fairness may require treating people differently to address existing disadvantages, so people have genuinely equal opportunities or outcomes
Substantive equality
List 2 Philosophers for each: (8)
a. Anarchism
b. Socialism
c. Libertarianism
d. Social liberalism
a. Proudhon, Bakunin, Kropotkin, Goldman
b. Marx, Engels, Owen, Bernstein
c. Lock, Hayek, Nozick, Friedman
d. Green, Maynard Keynes, Rawls, Beveridge
What political philosophy would John Stuart Mill support?
Why?
Social Liberalism
Harm Principle balances individual personal freedoms with collective social responsibility
Write a standard form argument for Marx on Socialism
P1. Capitalism allows the bourgeoisie to exploit the labour of the proletariat.
P2. Any system that exploits workers is unjust.
C. Therefore, capitalism is unjust and should be replaced with socialism.
What is the structure of your philosophical analytical essay?
Intro, philosophy 1, standard form, evaluation. Philosophy 2, standard form, evaluation. Discussion comparing 2 with justification. Conclusion
5 things an External Marker will look for
- thesis using a key term
- an understanding of the arguments of the political philosophies we have studied
- you have carefully read the question
- you have used standard form connected to each political philosophy
- evaluate the standard form
- use the structure of a PAR analytical essay
- have answered the question