Church & Crusades
What city was considered the Holy Land?
Jerusalem
What were the major trade cities?
Genoa, Florence, and Venice
Where did the Renaissance start?
Italy
In 1440 Johannes Gutenberg invented what world changing technology?
The Printing Press
Who won the First Crusade?
Christians
Who owned the majority of land in Europe?
The Catholic Church
What was the trade route between Europe, Asia, and the Middle East called?
The Silk Road
What is the name of a system of thought that emphasizes the value, agency, and dignity of human beings, relying on reason and science rather than superstition or religion
Humanism
What is vernacular?
The common language?
(ie for us, the vernacular would be English)
What Italian family ruled Florence and was one of the most influential patrons of the Renaissance?
The Medicis
How many crusades were there?
8
How much of Europe did the Plague kill?
⅓-⅔ of the population
Which Renaissance writer wrote the political manifesto The Prince?
Niccolò Machiavelli
What is dogma?
Dogma is a principle or set of principles laid down by an authority as incontrovertibly true
What were the three types of plague?
Bubonic, Pneumonic, and Septicemic
Who was a key figure of the third Crusade?
Richard the Lionheart
Saladin
What was being traded between Europe and the Middle East?
Goods such as silks, spices, Persian rugs, food items, and glass
What was the role of patrons in the Renaissance?
Patrons were wealthy families or church officials who wanted to show off their money, generosity, and importance through the purchase of art
Who were the different reformers?
Martin Luther
William Tyndale
John Calvin
King Henry VIII
Which of the following was not a crusader state established after the First Crusade:
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, the County of Edessa, the County of Lachish, the Principality of Antioch, and the County of Tripoli
The County of Lachish
What were the issues with the medieval church?
Name at least 5
Many priests and even popes broke their vows of celibacy, having children
High-ranking church officials often lived in extreme luxury
The church had a monopoly on the Bible, as it controlled most schools and the Bible was only printed in Latin. This made it easy for the church to change the message to fit their goals.
Church offices could be bought and sold
Nepotism
Offices became less about faith and more about family and power
Kingdoms often fought with each other to gain the churches favor
Indulgences
Major internal conflict (The Great Schism)
What effects did the Plague have on the economy?
It caused a massive labor shortage that destroyed the feudal system
Why was Italy the perfect place for the Renaissance? (Must name 2 out of 3 reasons)
1. Urban Areas
2. Merchants
3. Heritage
What event resulted in Martin Luther’s excommunication?
The Diet of Worms
Henry the VII created the Anglican Church in order to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragorn and marry who?