Mixtures & Solutions
What is a colloid?
A heterogeneous mixture that LOOKS homogeneous. The particles too small to settle, such as gel.
What is the Tyndall effect?
The use of scattered light to identify colloids.
What is the difference between a Heterogeneous mixture and a homogeneous mixture?
A heterogeneous mixture is one in which the composition is not uniform throughout such as suspensions and colloids.
A homogeneous mixture is one in which mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout.
What number is neutral on a pH scale?
Between 7 and 8.
What do acids form in an aqueous solution?
Hydronium ions
What is a solution?
A homogeneous mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent.
What is solubility?
The ability to be dissolved, especially in water.
What is the name for a solution whose solvent is water?
An aqueous solution
What is distillation?
Separating liquids with different boiling points. This process is used to separate fuels from oils.
What is an acid?
Acids cause food to taste tart or sour. They have a low pH and are proton donors. They react with metals.
What is a suspension?
A heterogeneous mixture with particles that will settle out over time.
What affects solubility in liquid?
temperature and polarity
What is litmus paper?
A special paper to test pH. Acids will turn it red and bases will turn it blue. Anything that changes color in the presence of an acid or base is called an indicator.
What is filtration?
A process of separating mixtures according to particle size, such as in removing solids from liquids.
What is a base?
Bases cause foods to taste bitter. They have a high pH and are proton receptors. They tend to feel slippery. Another name for base is alkaline.
What is a solvent?
A liquid in which a solute is dissolved, such as the water in salt water.
What is concentration in a solution?
What is dilution?
The actual amount of solute for a given amount of solution.
Adding more solvent to a solution to reduce the concentration.
What is a hydrogen ion?
A free proton
What is evaporation?
A process for removing solid solute from a liquid solvent such as the process used extracting salt from salt water. Heat is used to remove excess water from the salt.
What types of solutions conduct electricity?
both acids and bases
What is a solute?
What causes freezing point to decrease in a solution?
An increase in concentration.
What is a buffer?
Weak acids or bases that respond to changes in pH in order to maintain a pH level.
What is magnetism?
The process of removing magnetic metals from nonmagnetic materials.
How do acids and bases relate to the numbers on the pH scale?
The more acidic something is, the lower the pH number, the more basic something is, the higher the pH number.