A
B
C
D
E
100
Four students recorded statements describing the forces acting on the driver during the crash.
1. A balanced force causes the driver to accelerate.
2. A non-zero net force is acting on the driver.
3. The airbag exerts less force on the driver than the driver exerts on the airbag.
4. The driver pushes on the seat belt, and the seat belt pushes back on the driver with equal force.
Which two students correctly describe Newton’s laws of motion during a crash?
2 and 4
100
A student uses three wagons to investigate acceleration. The image shows each wagon, its mass, and three types of supplies that can be placed into each wagon. If the applied force is the same in each investigation, which wagon and supply combination will result in the greatest acceleration?
Select TWO correct answers.
Wagon B
Pencils
100
student pulls a wagon that contains a box of toys across a smooth surface.
What net force is applied to the wagon and box to produce an acceleration of 0.5 m/s2?
a.2.5 N
b.12.5 N
c.10 N
d.50 N
b.12.5 N
100
Newton’s laws of motion work simultaneously during rocket launches.
Which statement accurately describes Newton’s laws of motion during a rocket launch?
a.The force of friction causes a rocket to remain motionless, or at rest, on the launchpad.
b.The force of the gases from a rocket’s engine pushes downward, and Earth’s surface pushes back upward.
c.A rocket’s acceleration depends on its mass and not the force applied to propel it.
d. A rocket accelerates upward because the force of its engines is greater than the rocket’s mass.
b.The force of the gases from a rocket’s engine pushes downward, and Earth’s surface pushes back upward.
100
Which action represents a conversion of chemical energy into mechanical energy?
a.Sunlight melting an ice cube
b.Pizza heating in a microwave oven
c.A fan spinning in a battery-operated device
d.Water beginning to boil on the stove
c.A fan spinning in a battery-operated device
200
A student pushes a 20-kilogram desk across a smooth surface with a force of 60 newtons. What is the acceleration of the desk?
3m/s2
200
A golfer hits a 0.05 kg golf ball with a net force of 1 newton. The ball travels 30 meters.
What is the acceleration of the golf ball?
a. 0.05 m/s2
b. 0.95 m/s2
c. 20 m/s2
d. 30 m/s2
20 m/s2
200
Actions During a Football Game
I. The football stays still until it is kicked.
II. A football player slows down when a force is applied.
III. A football is thrown and continues moving in the same direction until it is caught by another player.
IV. A kicker’s foot applies a force on the ball, and the ball applies an equal force back on the foot.
V. A heavier player requires more force to push than a lighter player.
Which table correctly lists the law of motion demonstrated by each action? 
A
200
A car travels down the road at a constant velocity of 25 m/s. The car moves forward as its wheels push against the road.
Which statement accurately describes Newton’s laws of motion as the car travels along the road?
a.Balanced forces are acting on the car, which results in motion at a constant velocity.
b.The car’s wheels push on the road with a greater force than the road pushes on the wheels.
c.Unbalanced forces are acting on the car, which results in motion at a constant velocity.
d.The car’s wheels push on the road with less force than the road pushes on the wheels.
a.Balanced forces are acting on the car, which results in motion at a constant velocity.
200
Students in science class are completing an experiment to observe the motion of a toy car. The graph below shows the data from the investigation.
Motion of a Toy Vehicle
Which statement accurately describes the motion of the toy car during the first 20 seconds of the investigation?
a.The toy car travels at a constant speed.
b.The toy car travels at an increasing speed.
c.The toy car is at rest, or not in motion.
d.Unbalanced forces are acting on the toy car.
a.The toy car travels at a constant speed.
300
Two students each apply a force of 15 newtons to a 4-kilogram ice chest, while friction exerts a force of 14 newtons in the opposite direction.
What is the acceleration of the ice chest?
4 m/s2
300
A crate is pushed by two forces acting in opposite directions. A diagram is shown below.
What is the acceleration of the box, and in which direction will it move?
a. 0.75 m/s2 to the left
b. 0.75 m/s2 to the right
c. 3.25 m/s2 to the left
d. 3.25 m/s2 to the right
a. 0.75 m/s2 to the left
300
Four students designed and built toy airplanes that were launched into the air. The data are recorded in the table below.
Rank the toy airplanes from least to greatest acceleration
3, 1, 4, 2
300
A drop tower amusement park ride demonstrates Newton’s laws of motion. The seat platform carrying the riders is lifted to the top of the tower and then released, causing it to fall downward. A diagram of a drop tower ride is shown.
Based on Newton’s laws of motion, which statement correctly describes the motion of the seat platform after it is released from the top of a drop tower ride?
a.The seat platform accelerates downward when no forces are acting on it.
b.The upward force acting on the seat platform is greater than the downward force of gravity.
c.The velocity of the seat platform increases due to an applied force pushing it downward.
d.Unbalanced forces, such as gravity, cause the seat platform to accelerate toward the ground.
d.Unbalanced forces, such as gravity, cause the seat platform to accelerate toward the ground.
300
Four students describe the motion of a bumper car. Their descriptions are shown below.
1. The bumper car travels a total distance of 20 m in 10 s.
2. The bumper travels at a constant speed of 2 m/s.
3. The bumper car travels a total distance of 20 m before it stops.
4. The bumper car travels northward at a rate of 1.5 m/s.
Which statement best describes the bumper car’s velocity?
4. The bumper car travels northward at a rate of 1.5 m/s.
400
The diagram shows a vehicle moving forward with a crate on its roof.
Based on (Newton’s first law, Newton’s second law, Newton’s third law), if the driver applies the brakes and the vehicle comes to a sudden stop, the crate will continue moving forward at a constant velocity due to inertia. Based on (Newton’s first law, Newton’s second law, Newton’s third law), when the car stops, the wheels exert a downward force on the ground, and the ground exerts an equal and upward force on the wheels.
First law
Third law
400
An applied force of 3,000 N acts on four different vehicles. Which table correctly identifies the vehicle that would experience the least acceleration? 
Vehicle Z
400
When the bat hits the baseball, the baseball applies a(n) _____ and opposite force on the bat. The _____ of the baseball is dependent on its mass and the net force acting on it. The baseball will stay in motion at a constant velocity until a(n) ______ force acts upon it.
equal
acceleration
unbalanced
400
A skateboarder travels around a neighborhood block in 4 minutes. The dotted line represents the total path the skateboarder traveled.
What is the skateboarder’s average speed for the entire trip?
22.5 m/min
500
A teacher pushes a 200 kg cart of science supplies. The cart accelerates at a rate of 1.0 m/s2. A student then helps the teacher push, and the cart’s rate of acceleration increases to 3.0 m/s2.
How much force did the student apply to the cart?
a. 100 N
b. 200 N
c. 400 N
d. 600 N
400 N
500
The movement of Earth’s tectonic plates shapes the planet by forming various geological features. Determine which of Newton’s laws of motion is best represented by each statement.
Select the correct answer in each row.
2nd
1st
3rd
500
A 50-kilogram sled is pushed across a snowy field with a force of 120 newtons. When the sled reaches a patch of dry grass, the surface creates a frictional force of 45 newtons that opposes the sled’s motion.
What is the approximate acceleration of the sled after it reaches the dry grass, and how does friction affect the sled’s motion?
a.1.5 m/s2 and friction increases the net force acting on the sled
b.0.9 m/s2 and friction increases the net force acting on the sled
c.1.5 m/s2 and friction reduces the net forces acting on the sled
d.0.9 m/s2 and friction reduces the net force acting on the sled
c.1.5 m/s2 and friction reduces the net forces acting on the sled
500
The distance a remote-controlled car travels over time is shown in the graph below.
Motion of Remote-Controlled Car
Which data table below correctly shows the average speed of the remote-controlled car at the different time intervals? 
A