It’s Elementary
These six elementary particles come in up, down, strange, charm, top, and bottom varieties.
Quarks
This effect explains why a siren sounds higher as an ambulance approaches you and lower as it moves away.
Doppler Effect
This famous equation relates the energy of a particle to its mass and the speed of light.
E = mc²
This theoretical machine operates at the maximum possible efficiency of an engine between two temperatures during a reversible cycle.
Carnot engine/cycle
This phenomenon causes a pencil partially submerged in water to appear bent.
Refraction
This principle states that certain pairs of physical quantities, such as position and momentum, cannot both be known with arbitrary precision.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
An impressive number of physical systems can be reduced to this musical model, eg. excited electrons, plucked strings, accreting black holes.
Harmonic Oscillator
This effect causes clocks at different gravitational potentials to tick at different rates.
Time Dilation
This is the density of water (metric).
1 g/cm3
This is the name of the boundary surrounding a black hole beyond which escape is impossible.
Event Horizon
This particle was famously nicknamed the “God particle” in popular culture.
Higgs Boson
This famous American physicist who loves playing the bongo.
Richard Feynman
This famous equation relates the curvature of spacetime to the distribution of matter and energy.
Einstein Field Equations
This quantity measures the degree of disorder or, more precisely, the number of microscopic configurations available to a system.
Entropy
This phenomenon occurs when an electron absorbs a photon with enough energy to escape from a material.
Photoelectric Effect
This physicist discovered the neutron in 1932.
James Chadwick
This mathematical transformation allows a function to be expressed in terms of its constituent frequencies and is ubiquitous in quantum mechanics and signal analysis.
Fourier Transform
The result of this experiment showed that the speed of light is the same regardless of the Earth’s motion through space and helped pave the way for special relativity.
Michelson–Morley Experiment
This material is the best known electrical conductor at room temperature among the common elemental metals.
Silver
This describes the apparent increase in wavelength of light from distant galaxies as the universe expands.
Cosmological Redshift
This hypothetical topological defect could have formed during a phase transition in the early universe and may have cosmological consequences.
Cosmic String
The name of this prototypical potential used when studying symmetry breaking might also be found adorning a Mariachi band.
Mexican hat
This wave equation unifies quantum mechanics and special relativity.
Dirac equation
This unique phase of matter, realized experimentally in 1995, occurs when a gas of bosons is cooled close to absolute zero, causing them to occupy the lowest quantum state.
Bose–Einstein Condensate
The closest star to Earth (excluding the Sun).
Proxima Centauri