Cellular Membranes
An example of this type of transport is water reabsorption via aquaporins.
What is facilitated diffusion?
Signal pathways leading to the nucleus to modulate gene transcription produce these types of effects.
What are genomic effects?
This is the cause of the absolute refractory period of an action potential, preventing action potentials from traveling in the wrong direction.
What is Na+ channel inactivation?
This phenomenon describes a decrease in receptor number due to excess hormone present.
What is down-regulation?
Special cells in the testes that secrete testosterone.
What are Leydig cells?
Due to its passive permeability, this molecule determines a cell's resting membrane potential.
What is potassium?
This type of signal transduction pathway turns a chemical signal into a direct signal.
What are ionotropic receptors (ligand-gated ion channels)?
What is "convergence" of neural input?
This condition is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone as an adult and common signs are growth of hands, feet, facial features and thickening of skin.
What is acromegaly?
This hormone stimulates spermatogenesis in males and follicular growth in females.
What is FSH?
Neurotoxins and local anesthetics block this structure.
What are voltage-gated Na+ channels?
This type of receptor transduces the activity of nitric oxide, increasing cGMP and inducing smooth muscle contraction.
What are soluble guanylyl cyclase receptors (sGC)?
What is MAO?
ACTH stimulates the adrenal cortex to release this class of molecule in response to stress.
What are glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)?
This hormone inhibits LH and FSH and prepare the endometrium for implantation.
What is progesterone?
Component of the phospholipid membrane providing stability and fluidity.
What is cholesterol?
This protein is activated by Gq to generate IP3 to increase intracellular Ca2+.
What is phospholipase C (PLC)?
This adrenergic receptor causes smooth muscle relaxation.
What are beta-2 receptors?
What are hypothalamic osmoreceptors?
This fetal hormone increases secretion of fetal cortisol and is thought to be the "clock" that establishes timing of birth.
What is corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)?
Digoxin, a drug commonly used to treat heart failure, expresses inhibition on this structure.
What is the Na+/K+ pump?
(increased intracellular Na+ reduces activity of Na+/Ca+ exchanger, increasing intracellular Ca2+, which causes increased contractility)
This protein is the G protein of the visual transduction pathway.
What is transducin?
The effect of this neurotransmitter on the post-synaptic neuron is influx of Cl-.
What is GABA?
A blood analysis of a patient with aldosteronism would show these two things...
What are hypernatremia and hypokalemia?
The placenta stimulates the fetus to produce this hormone, which is converted to estrogen to overcome progesterone to allow labor to begin.
What is DHEA?