Perceive This or That
This type of processing is driven by sensory input and data from the environment
Bottom-up processing
This type of memory stores facts and general knowledge about the world.
Semantic memory
This approach to categorization uses an “average” representation of a category.
Prototype Approach
This term refers to the rules governing sentence structure
Syntax
This heuristic involves judging probability based on how easily examples come to mind.
Availability Heuristic
Proximity
This effect shows better recall for items at the beginning and end of a list.
serial position effect
This approach categorizes objects by comparing them to stored examples.
Exemplar Approach
This theory proposes that language ability is innate and universal across humans.
Universal Grammar (Chomsky)
This heuristic involves judging probability based on similarity to a prototype.
Representative Heuristic
The theory stating that attention is required to bind features like color and shape together into objects
Feature Integration Theory
This process stabilizes memory after initial encoding and involves the hippocampus.
Consolidation
This level of categorization is the most commonly used and cognitively efficient (e.g., “dog”).
Basic Level Category
A cadet continues using the same failed study strategy despite poor results. This illustrates this problem-solving obstacle.
Mental Set
This theory assumes people make rational decisions to maximize expected outcomes.
Utility Theory
In this experiment, participants fail to notice a gorilla while focusing on counting passes
Inattentional Blindness
This theory explains memory errors by stating that memories are reconstructed rather than replayed.
Constructive Nature of Memory
This theory proposes two codes for memory: verbal and visual.
Paivio's Dual Coding Theory
Two officers interpret the same tactical problem differently because of how the problem is presented. This demonstrates:
Framing
This bias causes people to stick with default options
Status Quo Bias
This model proposes multiple resource pools for attention based on modality, stages, and codes
This phenomenon occurs when retrieving a memory makes it temporarily unstable and open to change.
reconsolidation
This researcher demonstrated that mental scanning time increases with imagined distance.
Kosslyn
A problem-solving method that is guaranteed to work but is often impractical in real-world, time-constrained environments like combat is:
Algorithm
This model describes fast intuitive thinking versus slow analytical thinking.
dual systems model (System 1 & System 2)