Hidden treasures
This is the name for the outer layer of the Earth
A _?_ boundary occurs where two plates come together, while a _?_ boundary occurs where two plates are moving away from each other.
1) convergent; 2) divergent
A _?_ is a machine that measures how much the surface of the Earth moves during an earthquake. The _?_ scale tells us the magnitude of an earthquake.
1) seismograph; 2) Richter
The most common type of rock on this planet is due to cooling of lava and magma?
igneous
The four layers of the earth.
Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner Core
_?_ boundaries occur where two tectonic plates slide against each other. When the stress builds up and the rocks break, a(n) _?_ is produced.
Transform fault; earthquake
The _?_ is the point on the Earth's surface just above where an earthquake begins. The _?_ is the exact point where the rocks break.
1) epicenter; 2) focus
The Ring of Fire is where over 70% of the Earth's active volcanoes are located. This is because an oceanic plate and a continental plate are _?_. The oceanic plate dives beneath the continental plate in a process called _?_. This causes the oceanic plate to melt and produce molten rock called _?_
1) converging; 2) subduction; 3) magma
A sedimentary rock that is transformed due to heat and pressure is called a(n) _?_ rock. An igneous rock that is transformed due to weathering and erosion is called a(n) _?_ rock.
1) metamorphic; 2) sedimentary
A layer of the Earth that is both the hottest AND solid.
inner core
Many geological features are a result of moving plate boundaries. Name the boundary/boundaries that cause each of the following: a) mid-oceanic ridges b) volcanoes c) mountains
a) diverging; b) converging, diverging; c) converging
We studied 3 types of earthquake waves. The fastest are named _?_ waves. _?_ waves travel through the Earth more slowly than the fastest waves. _?_ waves do not originate from the focus; these waves cause the most damage to homes.
1) p (or primary); 2) s (or secondary); 3) Surface
this causes volcanoes to form in the ocean?
diverging plates.
Chemical weathering changes the _?_ of rocks.
1) composition;
Some of the continental coastlines fit together like a puzzle; similar fossils are found on different continents; older rocks are found farther apart in the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are evidence for this.
Plate tectonics
The alignment of magnetic rock on the ocean floor is used as evidence for _?_.
1) plate tectonics;
What is one potential side effect of earthquakes?
Tsunami, rock slide
The _?_ describes how igneous rock can become sedimentary or metamorphic rock.
1) rock cycle
The type of rock that forms when magma cools is called _?_ rock. If the magma cools above the surface of the Earth (and therefore cools quickly), the rock is classified as _?_ and will have very small (or no) crystals. _?_ rock is the opposite -- it cools slowly under the surface of the Earth and therefore has large crystals.
1) igneous; 2) extrusive igneous; 3) intrusive igneous
The theory that states that these plates are moving is called _?_ while the theory that states how and why they move is called _?_
continental drift; plate tectonics
One hypotheses state that plate movement results from convection currents in the _?_
Asthenosphere (upper mantle)
_?_ rock can be formed by the weathering of igneous (volcanic) rock. It is the only type of rock that can contain fossils. Before this rock forms however, the small pieces of rock are laid down in a process called _?_
1) Sedimentary; deposition
Miscellaneous questions: 1. _?_ is the process by which water transports minerals to lower layers of rock. It is an example of a type of chemical weathering. 2. _?_ consists of physical and chemical processes that break down rocks.
1. Leaching; 2) weathering
A _?_ has a characteristic chemical composition, occurs naturally, and has an orderly internal structure. If scientists want to figure out how old the rock is compared to other rocks, they use _?_ which gives the rock's relative age. To find it's true, or _?_ age, they use the decay rate of radioactive isotopes.
1) mineral; 2) the principle of superposition; 3) absolute