roots
What are the two main functions of roots?
Anchoring the plant and absorbing water/minerals.
What are the main functions of a plant stem?
They support the plant, transport water and nutrients, store food and water, and produce new tissue.
What is the primary function of a leaf?
To produce food for the plant through photosynthesis.
What is the main purpose of a flower?
To produce seeds for reproduction.
What do the names "monocot" and "dicot" mean?
Monocots have one cotyledon (seed leaf) inside their seed, while dicots have two cotyledons.
What are root nodules?
Swellings on the roots of certain plants that house nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
What are nodes and internodes?
Nodes are the specific points on a stem where leaves, branches, or flowers attach and internodes are the empty stem segments located between those nodes.
What is the flat, broad part of a leaf called?
The blade (or lamina).
Which four parts make up a complete flower?
Sepals, petals, stamens, and pistils.
How do their leaf veins differ?
Monocots have parallel veins, whereas dicots have net-like (branched) veins.
What is the difference between a taproot system and a fibrous root system?
Taproot has a single, thick root that grows straight down and a fibrous root has no main root.
What is a cladophyll (or cladode)?
A flattened, leaf-like stem that takes over photosynthesis for the plant
(ex: asparagus and orchids).
What is the difference between a simple leaf and a compound leaf?
A simple leaf has a single, undivided blade, while a compound leaf has a blade divided into multiple smaller leaflets.
What is pollination?
The transfer of pollen from the male part (anther) to the female part (stigma) of a flower.
How are the vascular bundles arranged in their stems?
In monocot stems, vascular bundles are scattered throughout. In dicot stems, they are arranged in a distinct ring.
What is the function of the root cap?
It protects the delicate growing tip of the root as it pushes through the soil and secretes a lubricant to ease movement.
How do the xylem and phloem differ in what they transport?
Xylem carries water and minerals up and phloem carries food/nutrients.
What are the tiny pores on the underside of a leaf used for gas exchange called?
Stomata or stoma
What does the ovary develop into after fertilization?
Fruit
How does their pollen structure differ?
Monocot pollen grains have a single furrow or pore. Dicot pollen grains usually have three furrows or pores.
Which part of the plant is responsible for manufacturing food?
Roots do not manufacture food, leaves do.
How are vascular bundles arranged differently in monocots versus dicots?
Scattered in monocots and in a ring/cambium layer in dicots.
What are the two main types of vascular tissue found in leaf veins, and what do they carry?
Xylem (carries water) and phloem (carries food/sugars).
What happens after a pollen grain lands on the stigma?
It grows a pollen tube down through the style to reach the ovule inside the ovary.
What kind of root systems do they have?
Monocots have a fibrous root system and dicots typically have a taproot system.