Plant-Only Power
This rigid outer layer made of cellulose gives plant cells their rectangular structure and protection.
cell wall
Unlike rigid plant cells, animal cells generally have this flexible outer boundary that allows for various irregular shapes.
cell membrane (or plasma membrane)
Known as the powerhouse of the cell, this organelle generates ATP energy in both plant and animal cells.
mitochondrion
Plant cells produce their own food using sunlight, making them this type of organism.
autotroph
True or False: Plant cells do NOT have mitochondria because they have chloroplasts instead.
False (Plant cells have both!).
This organelle contains chlorophyll and converts sunlight into glucose through photosynthesis.
chloroplast
Animal cells contain many small versions of these storage sacs, unlike the single large one found in plants.
vacuoles
This control center holds the cell's genetic material (DNA).
nucleus
Animals must consume other organisms for energy, making their cells part of this organism group.
heterotroph
True or False: Both plant and animal cells contain a cell membrane.
True.
Plant cells typically have one huge version of this organelle to store water and maintain turgor pressure.
central vacuole
These barrel-shaped organelles organize microtubules during animal cell division (mitosis).
centrioles
These tiny cellular structures synthesise proteins using instructions from RNA.
ribosomes
Both plant and animal cells perform this chemical process in mitochondria to break down glucose into ATP.
cellular respiration
True or False: Animal cells generally have a fixed, rectangular shape.
False (They have flexible, rounded, or irregular shapes).
Instead of breaking apart by pinching inward, plant cells form this structure down the middle during cell division.
cell plate
Often called the cell's waste disposal system, these membrane-bound organelles containing digestive enzymes are abundant in animal cells but rare in plants.
lysosomes
This organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport outside or around the cell.
Golgi apparatus (or Golgi body)
When a plant cell loses too much water, its vacuole shrinks and the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall in a process called this.
plasmolysis
True or False: Plant cells can burst if they take in too much water.
False (The cell wall prevents them from bursting).
These tiny channels pass through plant cell walls to allow communication and transport between individual cells.
plasmodesmata
Animal cells can perform this cellular process during cytokinesis by pinching the membrane inward, creating a "cleavage furrow."
invagination (or cytokinesis via cleavage furrow)
This jelly-like fluid fills the interior of both plant and animal cells, holding the organelles in suspension.
cytoplasm (or cytosol)
Plant cells prefer to be in this type of environment where water flows into the cell, keeping it firm and turgid without bursting.
hypotonic solution
True or False: Both plant and animal cells are eukaryotic cells.
True (Both have membrane-bound nuclei and organelles).