The term for molten rock once it has exited the central vent of a volcano.
What is lava?
100
This is a vibration produced by a rapid a slippage in earth's crust.
What is an earthquake?
100
This type of boundary occurs when two plates move apart.
What are divergent boundaries?
100
These are the "mini" earthquakes that often occur after the main one.
What are aftershocks?
100
This is the name for the structure made of rubber and steel wrapped around a lead core that absorb seismic waves and prevent them from traveling through a building during an earthquake.
What are base isolators?
200
This geologic feature is a cone-shaped opening in earth's crust where lava, ash, cinders, and gas escapes.
What is a volcano?
200
This is the point in the lithosphere where earthquakes start.
What is the focus or hypocenter?
200
This type of boundary occurs when two plates move toward one another.
What are convergent boundaries?
200
This is a mini event that comes before the main earthquake. It acts as a warning.
What are foreshocks?
200
These structures are placed between the floors in a building. They serve to counteract pressure at the side of a building during an earthquake.
What are cross-braces?
300
Lapilli are pebble-like bits of magma that erupt from a volcano. They become solid _____ (before/after) they hit the ground.
What is "solid before?"
300
This is released when huge slabs of the crust attempt to move past one another. Friction prevents this for a while, but then the rock "springs back."
What is energy?
300
This type of plate boundary occurs when two plates grind past each other.
What are transform fault boundaries?
300
These are the waves that travel on lithosphere's outer layer. They are very complex. Theses are not the side to side or the back and forth waves.
What are surface waves?
300
Engineers do this to prevent water and gas lines from breaking during an earthquake.
What is design flexible pipes and joints that are better able to twist and bend without breaking?
400
Three types of magma are characterized by different temperatures, silica content, and viscosity.
What are rhyolitic, andesitic, and basaltic?
400
These are large fractures in the lithosphere. Often referred to as a break in the rock.
What are faults?
400
There are three different names for the intersection of lithospheric plates.
What are transform, convergent, and divergent boundaries?
400
This type of seismic wave travels side to side through the Earth's interior, and cannot travel through liquid.
What are S-waves (shear or secondary)?
400
This device is a weight placed on the roof of a building. Motion sensors here detect sway, send messages to a computer, that signals roof controls to do this.
What is counteract the building's movement?
500
At the top of the central vent of most volcanoes is a funnel- or bowl-shaped pit called a _____. (It can sometimes contain water and be called a ____ lake.)
What is a crater?
500
This is the point directly above the focus (or hypocenter) on the Earth's surface.
What is an epicenter?
500
This is a segment of the lithosphere that moves and continually changes shape as it converges with or diverges from other similar slabs.
What is a plate?
500
This is an instrument that can measure/record earthquakes. The mechanism uses a weight that shakes back and forth on a spinning tube.
What is a seismograph?
500
Name the ancient culture that successfully created buildings that were not affected significantly by earthquakes, and did so without aid of modern technology.