Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP)
In mitral valve prolapse, one or both flaps bulge in the ________ ________
What is the left atrium.
What does a patient often describe as feeling when they have pulmonary edema?
What is "drowning in own secretions"
Name the 3 types of cardiomyopathy
What is Dilated, Hypertrophic and Restrictive
Whish happens first with Thrombophlebitis, inflammation of the vein or clot formation?
What is clot formation
What is the most common form of cardiomyopathy?
What is Dilated cardiomyopathy
Name at least 2 causes of mitral valve prolapse.
What are
•Hereditary
•Common in women (ages 15 to 30)
•Infection
•Ischemic heart disease
•Cardiomyopathy
Severe fluid congestion in the _________ results in pulmonary edema.
What is Alveoli
What are 2 common characteristics of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
What are
•Left ventricle muscle wall enlargement
•Decreases ventricular filling
•Can be hereditary
•Can cause sudden death
What is an severe complication of Thrombophlebitis?
What is an emboli
An autoimmune reaction 2 to 3 weeks after an upper respiratory infection
What is Rheumatic Fever
List at least 3 signs and symptoms of MVP.
What are
•Anxiety
•Atypical chest pain
•Dizziness
•Arrhythmias
•Dyspnea
•Fatigue
List 2 Diagnostic tests to confirm pulmonary edema
What are
•Arterial blood gases
•Pulmonary pressures
•X-ray
What are 2 common signs and symptoms of Dilated cardiomyopathy?
What are ‒Exertional dyspnea, orthopnea, fatigue
List 2 causes of increased blood coagulation that can lead to Thrombophlebitis?
What are
•Smoking
•Oral contraceptives
•Estrogen therapy
•Hematological disorders
•Abrupt discontinuation of anticoagulants
Name 3 important nursing interventions when providing postoperative cardiac surgery care to promote lung expansion
What are
•Cough and deep breathe
•Turn patient
•Early ambulation
What are 3 complications of MVP?
What are
•Arrhythmias
•Emboli
•Heart failure
•Infective endocarditis
•Mitral regurgitation
List 4 signs and symptoms of pulmonary edema.
What are
•Classic: Pink, frothy sputum
•Rapid respirations with accessory muscles
•Severe dyspnea, orthopnea
•Crackles, wheezes
•Anxiety, restlessness
•Clammy, cold skin
List at least 3 diagnostic tests for cardiomyopathy
What are
•Chest x-ray (cardiomegaly)
•Echocardiography
•ECG
•Cardiac catheterization
•Blood tests
List at least 5 measures to prevent Thrombophlebitis
What are
•Identify risk factors.
•Prevent dehydration.
•Prophylactic antiembolism devices
‒Thigh/knee high compression elastic stockings
‒Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices
•Early ambulation
•Provide pain control to make ambulation tolerable.
•Range-of-motion exercises
•Leg exercises when confined to bed
•Change IV sites per policy.
•Deep breathing aids to increase blood flow in large thoracic veins
•Avoid smoking.
•Prophylactic anticoagulants
What is an important intervention to teach patients to prevent infective endocarditis
What is Oral/Dental care
List at least 3 therapeutic interventions for MVP
What are
None, treat symptomatically
Healthy lifestyle
Avoidance of stimulants/caffeine
Stress management
Beta blockers for tachycardia
Antiarrhythmics
Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) or anticoagulants to prevent thrombi
Valve surgery for severe MVP
List at least 4 therapeutic interventions for pulmonary edema.
What are
•Immediate treatment
•Reduce workload of left ventricle
•Treat underlying cause
•Place in semi-Fowler or Fowler position
•Provide oxygen/mechanical ventilation
•Diuretics IV
•Morphine IV
•Inotropic agents IV
•Vasodilators IV
List at least 4 important things a nurse monitors and or teaches a patient that has cardiomyopathy
What are
•Vital signs
•Heart failure/emboli signs
•Signs of digoxin toxicity
•Activity tolerance/energy conservation
•Emotional support
•Education
•Home health care
•Avoid alcohol
List the 6 common signs and symptoms of a deep vein thrombosis
What are ‒Swelling, edema, venous distension, pain in deep calf (usually), warmth, tenderness
Name at least 4 common causes of Heart Failure
What are
Coronary artery disease (most common)
Cardiomyopathy
Hypertension
Heart valve disorders
Myocardial infarction