Chapter 1 - Science and the Study of Life
What type of hypothesis predicts no effect, change, or relationship between the two variables?
Null Hypothesis
What are the four major types of macromolecules found in cells?
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
In the “nature vs. nurture” debate, what does nature refer to?
Genetic influences
What is the study of interactions between organisms and each other and their environment?
What organisms obtain their energy by making their own food and form the base of an ecological pyramid?
Producers
What are the 7 Characteristics of Life?
What type of bond results when electrons are shared unequally between atoms
What type of behavior is under strong genetic control and is performed in the same way each time?
Innate Behaviors
Which type of population growth eventually levels off because of environmental resistance?
Logistic Growth
What process allows plants and algae to take inorganic carbon and convert it into food?
Photosynthesis
What are unwanted additional variables that can interfere with the interpretation of an experiment called?
What reaction joins monomers together by removing an –OH and –H to form water?
Dehydration Reaction
Teaching a dog to sit and reqarding it with a treat each time it sits is an example of what type of learning?
Operant Conditioning
Weather and natural disasters affect populations regardless of their population size. What type of limiting factors are these?
Density-independent Factors
Which biogeochemical cycle is primarily driven by geological processes?
The Phosphorus Cycle
What are the definitions for a law and a theory?
Law: An explanation of WHAT is happening in nature
Theory: A description of WHY that pattern is happening.
A protein is exposed to extreme heat and loses its normal shape and function. What happened to the protein?
It is denatured
Auditory, Tactile, Visual, Chemical
What are the three types of survivorship curves, and which one represents a species where most individuals survive until old age?
Type I, Type II, and Type III
Type I represents individuals surviving until old age
What is the main difference between energy and nutrients in an ecosystem?
Energy flows through an ecosystem (not reused), whereas nutrients are cycled through
Scientists observe that objects with mass are attracted to one another. Is this observation a theory or a law
A Law - It does not provide an explanation as to WHY these objects are attracted to one another
What two properties of water are involved when water moves up a plant?
Cohesion (water sticks to eachother) and Adhesion (water sticks to the plant vessel's walls)
A chick responds automatically to a red marking on its parent's bill but becomes better at the behavior over time. What two influences on behavior does this demonstrate?
Innate behavior and Learning
There are 50,000 individuals in a population. Last year, 4,000 individuals were born, and 6,000 died. What is the rate of natural increase for this population?
4% decrease in population.
Excess phosphate enters a body of water from fertilizer and wastewater. What process can result, and what are two major consequences of this process
Eutrophication, which causes algal blooms and death in fish populations