4th Amendment-Other
______ refers to a legal standard that means that an officer believes that an offense has been or is about to be committed.
a. Search
b. Emergency exception
c. Probable cause
d. Exclusionary rule
Ans: C. Probable cause
A type of search that occurs when the individual gives permission to conduct a search is referred to as ______.
a. permission search
b. consent search
c. warranted search
d. unwarranted search
Ans: B. consent search
Officers who are considered to be involved in corrupt activities in a passive sense are referred to as ______.
a. meat-eaters
b. grass-eaters
c. rotten apples
d. good apples
Ans: B.grass-eaters
Which of the following occurs when the race or ethnicity of an individual is used as the sole or primary determinant by the police when making decisions?
a. corruption
b. racial profiling
c. mooching
d. discretion
Ans: B. racial profiling
Which type of force involves the use of restraining substances, such as pepper spray or mace?
a. physical force
b. impact force
c. electronic force
d. chemical force
Ans: D. chemical force
A ______ is when a person’s reasonable expectation of privacy is violated.
a. warrant
b. search
c. consent search
d. seizure
Ans: B. search
Which of the following is used to inform people who are under arrest that the 5th Amendment provides protection against self-incrimination during an interrogation?
a. Carroll doctrine
b. Miranda warning
c. Exclusionary rule
d. Good faith exception
Ans: B.Miranda warning
Officers who actively pursue corrupt activities that could result in significant and illegal gains are referred to as ______.
a. meat-eaters
b. grass-eaters
c. moochers
d. good apples
Ans: A. meat-eaters
Much of the research on racial profiling is focused on ______.
a. robberies
b. murders
c. traffic stops
d. status offenses
Ans: C.traffic stops
Which type of force involves the use of batons, flashlights, and other instruments that deliver force against an individual?
a. physical force
b. electronic force
c. impact force
d. chemical force
Ans:C. impact force
Legal documents that allow officers to complete a search of person’s belongings are referred to as ______.
a. cease-and-desist notices
b. warrants
c. subpoenas
d. restraining orders
Ans: B. warrants
______ allows for officers to determine when to stop an individual, when to issue a citation, and when to initiate an arrest.
a. Discretion
b. Duty
c. Corruption
d. Probable cause
Ans: A.Discretion
A form of corruption that involves receiving free items in exchange for favorable treatment is known as ______.
a. perjury
b. shakedown
c. mooching
d. stealing
Ans: C.mooching
What strategy would best prevent officers from engaging in racial profiling as well as protecting them from fabricated claims of discrimination?
a. a witnesses present who could testify that the officer did not engage in racial profiling
b. policies that would prohibit racial profiling
c. police officers wearing a body cam
d. guided procedures that mandate how officers should carry out traffic stops
Ans: C.police officers wearing a body cam
Which of the following was identified as a factor that can influence the use of force decision-making process?
a. the current political climate
b. the culture and administrative policies within a department
c. the personal beliefs of the police officer
d. the education of the police off
Ans: B. the culture and administrative policies within a department
An emergency exception to the warrant requirement may be exercised if ______.
a. consent is not given, but police believe you are acting nervous
b. police illegally stop you, but see drug paraphernalia in your passenger seat
c. police believe someone will be harmed if they wait for a warrant
d. consent is not given, but another person tells an officer that you have something illegal
Ans: C. police believe someone will be harmed if they wait for a warrant
What is one of the two categories of corruption that was identified by the Knapp Commission?
a. grass-eaters
b. plant-eaters
c. animal-eaters
d. leaf-eaters
Ans: A.grass-eaters
The ______ identified two categories of police corruption.
a. Ethical Challenges and Corruption Commission
b. Peel Commission
c. New York Corruption Commission
d. Knapp Commission
Ans: D.Knapp Commission
______ is defined as the application of amount and/or frequency of force greater than required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject.
a. Racial profiling
b. Excessive force
c. Mooching
d. Impact force
Ans: B. Excessive force
Research has shown that fatal cases that involved the use of a taser were more likely to involve a suspect who ______.
a. was young
b. was mentally ill
c. was homeless
d. was a smoker
Ans: B. was mentally ill
With regard to automobile searches, if someone is pulled over for a lawful traffic stop and placed under arrest, then the police can search a vehicle without a warrant if they have probable cause to arrest the occupants of the vehicle and if they have probable cause that the car contains illegal items. This is known as the ______.
a. Chadwick doctrine
b. Innis doctrine
c. Acevedo doctrine
d. Carroll doctrine
Ans: D. Carroll doctrine
The ______ suggests that the corruption of a select few individuals can in turn shed a negative light on a department.
a. meat-eater theory
b. fruit of the poison tree theory
c. rotten-apple theory
d. grass-eater theory
Ans: C. rotten-apple theory
Officer Smith is considered to be corrupt. In order to protect himself, he has lied to cover up his wrongdoings. This is known as ______.
a. mooching
b. bribery
c. shakedown
d. perjury
Ans: D.perjury
What case did the U.S. Supreme Court hold that deadly force may be used to prevent an escape of a known offender if the officer’s life, or the lives of others around them, are at imminent risk?
a. Maryland v. King
b. California v. Acevedo
c. Tennessee v. Garner
d. Berghuis v. Thompkins
Ans: C.Tennessee v. Garner
The legitimacy of the police is dependent on how officers deploy their power and authority is referred to as ______.
a. proper justice
b. appropriate justice
c. procedural justice
d. legitimate justice
Ans:C. procedural justice