The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution; these amendments articulate several basic freedoms of the nation’s citizens.
What is the Bill of Rights?
A police officer’s personal judgment of how best to handle a situation.
What is discretion?
Codes designed to limit the rights of freed slaves in the post–Civil War South.
What is Black codes?
The use of force by police rather than arrest to deal with law breakers.
What is curbside justice?
Female police department employees whose duties usually involved only female prisoners.
What are police matrons?
The idea that the police have been assigned the task of crime control, but because they cannot control the factors that cause crime, this task is difficult—if not impossible—to accomplish.
What is impossible mandate?
Rules of behavior that are influenced by a person’s perception of what is morally good or bad.
What is ethics?
An era of policing that emphasizes the assistance and support of the community in fighting crime.
What is Community problem-solving era?
A historical reference to the process wherein when a crime occurred, the police would bring in for questioning all the suspects usually associated with that type of crime.
What is dragnet?
The period from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s during which policing was heavily influenced by politics.
What is the Political Era?
The perception of too much police presence and action in a neighborhood
A person’s internal beliefs about what is right or wrong conduct.
What is morality?
The first appointed law enforcement officers in colonial America. They often organized and supervised the watch.
A period during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries marked by new manufacturing processes and a transition from rural means of production to urban ones.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
An era in policing that centered on removing the police from the control of politicians and making departments more professional and efficient.
What is the Reform Era?
The perception of too little police presence and action in a neighborhood.
What is underpolicing?
Unethical or illegal means used by police officers.
What is dirty means?
A concept in which the police and the community work together to prevent crime.
What is coproduction?
Laws that mandated racial segregation in public facilities.
What are Jim Crow laws
A collection of photographs of known criminals.
What is rogues gallery?
A society in which the government recognizes that human beings have certain basic human rights.
What is a free society?
The desired goals of policing.
What is good ends?
A system wherein physical measurements were used to identify and differentiate suspects.
What is Bertillonage?
When police are more concerned with how things are done than with the goals they are supposed to achieve.
What is means over ends syndrome?
In early American policing, the police figure who typically worked in a less populated area. Their primary responsibilities were to apprehend criminals, assist the justice of the peace, collect taxes, and supervise elections.
What is the sheriff?