Porifera Basics
Where would you NOT find a living sponge?
On land
The large opening in the top of a sponge; where wastewater exits is called the
A soft and flexible protein that makes up the frame of some sponges
Spongin
Where would you NOT find a living cnidarian?
On land
This structure anchors the hydra to the ground
Basal disk
How many classes of cnidarians are there?
5
A group of sponges living together is known as a
Colony
The base that anchors the sponge down
Holdfast
Jelly-like substance that serves as a skeleton to provide support to cnidarians
Mesoglea
What are the two body plans cnidarians can have?
1. Polyp
2. Medusa
The hairlike projection on the outside of each cnidocyte is called the
Trigger
This class has the most venomous of all cnidarians
Cubozoa
What is the proper pathway of water through the body plan of a simple sponge?
Large central cavity in a sponge
Spongocoel
Where water containing nutrients and oxygen enters a sponge
Ostia
What kind of symmetry do cnidarians have?
Radial symmetry
Long appendages that transfer food from the tentacles to the mouth are the
Oral arms
This class includes sea anemones, corals, and sea pens
Anthozoa
How many classes of sponges are there?
5
Glass-like, sharp-pointed structures that make up the frame of some sponges
Spicules
All cnidarians have stinging cells called
Cnidocytes
Which body plan does an adult box jellyfish exhibit?
The medusa body plan
Nutrients are passed through the body of a cnidarian through the
Mesoglea
The medusa form has velum beneath the margin of the bell
Hydrozoa
Which class of sponges have spicules made of calcium carbonate in their "skeleton" and can only survive in shallow, marine waters?
Calcarea
Cells that create spicules
Sclerocytes
Pinacocytes
The umbrella-like body that has a ring of muscles at the edge to contract and relax to pump water in and out on a medusa is called the
Bell
Which structure is responsible for breaking down food, absorption of nutrients, and diffusion of gases
Gastrovascular cavity
Appear polyp-like, but their internal anatomy is medusa-like
Staurozoa
Which class of sponges are glass sponges with strong, lattice-like "skeleton" made of fused silica spicules?
Hexactinellida
Can transform into egg or sperm cells
Amoebocytes
What is the alternation of generations?
Many cnidarians switch between polyp and medusa body plans throughout their life cycle
Polyps reproduce asexually by
Budding
The layer of cells that lines the gastrovascular cavity
Endoderm
Includes "true" jellyfish; can be extremely large
Scyphozoa