The Byzantines
The fall of what empire in the West led to the establishment of the Byzantines in the East?
The Roman Empire
The Islamic Empires established a unified language for commerce, governance, and literature - what was this language?
Arabic
What document was signed by King John of England in 1215 and placed a limit on the power of the king?
The Magna Carta
What continent is the 2nd largest on the planet?
Africa
What animal was key to transporting goods across African trade routes?
Camels
Disputes over masses being conducted in Greek, the marriage of priests, and the use of religious icons split the church in two during what event?
The Great Schism
What is the term for a series of wars fought by groups of Christians who attempted and failed to invade 'The Holy Lands' in Islamic territory?
The Crusades
What political system popular in Europe was highly decentralized and relied on individual oaths of loyalty?
Feudalism
_____, Mali, and Songhai are the three empires that ruled over West Africa during this unit
Ghana
What were the two most valuable and important items traded along the Trans-Saharan Trade route?
What is the name of the branch of Christianity that many of the Byzantines followed?
(Eastern) Orthodox Christianity
What is the term for leaders of the Islamic Empires? These leaders had complete control of the political and religious activities of the empire.
Caliph (the Islamic Empires are also known as Caliphates)
What does it mean for the Pope to 'excommunicate' someone?
To be kicked out of the church; forbidden to take communion
This ultra-wealthy king of Mali famously gave away so much gold in Egypt that its economy collapsed for a decade
Mansa Musa
Massive groups of traders travelling across the desert were called what?
Caravans
What great Byzantine emperor compiled the law into one central code?
Justinian (the Great)
Disputes over who should lead the Islamic Empire after Muhammed's death led to what divide that is still a tension in the Muslim world to this day
Sunni/Shi'a Split
What economic system of self-sufficient agricultural estates relied on peasant labor?
Manorialism
What city was a famous West African trading hub and served as the capital of the Mali and Songhai Empires?
Timbuktu
What geographic region did traders attempting to get to Mali have to cross over?
The Sahara Desert
What is the name of the great church built in the heart of Constantinople?
Hagia Sophia
What were the name of the first two dynasties to rule the Islamic Empires?
The Abbasid/Umayyad Dynasties
What group of invaders from the North attacked and pillaged Western Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire?
Vikings
What African kingdom embraced Christianity ~the same time as the Roman Empire and would never be conquered?
Ethiopia
What natural factors made sailing in the Indian Ocean so predictable and profitable for Muslim traders?
Monsoon Winds