Scientists found these, believed to be around 35,000 years old, in Southern Germany, along with other tools needed for daily survival.
What are flutes?
100
This is evidence of cultural change that is dependent on language.
What is a tool?
100
Parsons and Brown ran a brain-imaging study of dance that resulted in an indication of a relationship between dance, this and this.
What are music and speech?
100
Parsons and Brown studied amateur dancers of this kind of dance, popular in Argentina.
What is tango?
100
This 18th-century natural scientist spread sand over glass plates and set the particles in motion by running a violin bow across the edge of the plate.
Who is Ernst Chladni?
200
This famous English naturalist and creator of the theory of natural selection speculated that music was an evolutionary adaptation because "a male who could sing well would have a better chance at attracting a mate."
Who is Charles Darwin?
200
Steven Mithen says Neanderthals were probably able to make a range of these similar to that of humans.
What are vocalizations?
200
Steven Mithen defines this as the capacity for appreciating rhythm, melody, and harmony.
What is musicality?
200
This tribe in the Congo speak in a way that blends musical expression and singing narrative, imitation, gesture, and dance.
Who are the Pygmies?
200
This type of researcher explores how music functions in a society or culture.
What is an ethnomusicologist?
300
Some evolutionary scientists believe this was probably the original motivation for music.
What is sexual selection?
300
Neuroscientists Parsons and Brown propose this hypothesis for the evolution of dance.
What is a "body percussion" hypothesis?
300
This researcher believes that musicality came before language.
Who is Steven Mithen?
300
"Archaeotechnician" Wulf Hein reconstructed out of Andean condor bone one of the ancient flutes found in Germany and was able to play this American tune on it.
What is "The Star-Spangled Banner"?
300
This part of the ear is lined with hair that is set in motion by sound.
What is the cochlea?
400
Archaeologist Nicholas Conard found a 5-finger-hole instrument made of a griffin vulture radius at this cave in Southern Germany.
What is Hohle Fels?
400
Daniel Levitin cites this scientific field's discoveries when arguing that music was an evolutionary adaptation in humans.
What is genetics?
400
This part of the brain, a lower part of the auditory pathway, send information about rhythm without involving higher auditory areas in the brain.
What is the medial geniculate nucleus (MGN)?
400
The dancing apparel, worn by Aztec danzantes, contain seeds from this tree that create a rattling sound when the dancer moves.
What is ayoyote?
400
This psychologist studies how babies and toddlers respond to music.
Who is Dr. Sandra Trehub?
500
Steven Mithen imagines Neanderthals combining this and music to tell a story.
What is mime?
500
This form of communication, according to scientists, involves gesture and body movement as well as sound.
What is "multimodal"?
500
A recent study by this psychologist reaffirms the close connection between the auditory and motor systems, suggesting that movement can shape how we hear.
Who is Dr. Laurel Trainor?
500
The ethnomusicologist John Blacking wrote in the 1970s about how music can transcend this "to become more of an experience that communicates across cultural boundaries."
What are cultural constraints?
500
This field of study examines the interaction between thoughts, feelings, and beliefs and our nervous, immune, and endocrine systems.