History of ADHD
The term ADD first appeared in this edition of the DSM despite the symptoms being described in children for over 200 years
3rd
This is the percent chance of a person with ADHD having a child with ADHD
50
These two sets of symptoms make up Criteria A and B
Inattention and Hyperactive-Impulsive
50% of persons with ADHD have sleep problems; This type of treatment is recommended for sleep problems in persons with ADHD
Behavioral interventions
A brain injury can produce a syndrome known as this, which is treated the same as ADHD
Secondary ADHD
ADHD is classified as this type of disorder
Neurodevelopmental
Twin studies noted this percent of heritability of ADHD
76
This assessment tool kit includes the Weiss symptom record and Jerome Driving questionnaire
CADDRA
These are two non-pharmacological treatments that can be advocated for in post-secondary students
separate testing environment, extra time for testing, reduced homework, note taker
Due to the increase in sympathetic effects/adrenergic activity from psychostimulants, persons with this type of family cardiac history should get an EKG prior to starting a psychostimulant.
arrythmia or sudden cardiac death
EKG is not recommended as routine screening although should be done if if there are identifiable risk factors from the history or exam
you can also consider a cardiology consultation in these person
The 2nd edition of the DSM used this earlier term of ADHD
Hyperkinetic reaction of childhood
This landmark study of ADHD found that 70% of children with ADHD have at least 1 other psychiatric co-morbidity
MTA (Multimodal Treatment of ADHD)
These two medical diagnosis can often mimic ADHD in clinical practice
Sleep apnea and severe anemia
(also acceptable hearing or vision impairment, Thyroid dysfunction, hypoglycemia, lead poisoning, FASD, neurofibromatosis)
These medications are recommended for use in treating older adults with ADHD (assuming co-morbidities permit
First line agents
In persons with psychiatric comorbidity, this condition should be treated first.
The most impairing disorder
Amphetamines were given to children to alleviate this common problem and an unexpected behavioural effect was noticed in 'problem' children
Headache
Dysfunction of this pathway is thought to be the underlying mechanism of ADHD
Frontostriatal (dorsolateral and anterior cingulate)
This number of symptoms of each criterion must be present for a diagnosis of adult ADHD
5 of 9 (child is 6 of 9)
This psychological intervention is helpful for ADHD
Any of: cognitive behavioral approaches, parent training, social skills training
Persons with comorbid tourettes syndrome or tic disorder are often treated with these medications concurrently with a psychostimulant
atypical neuroleptics or alpha-2 agonists
In 1955, this medication became FDA approved for treatment of ADHD which was not a listed diagnosis at the time
Ritalin
This group of co-morbid disorders is most often co-morbid throughout the lifespan
Anxiety (also acceptable Learning disorders, tic/tourette's)
Childhood: anxiety, ODD, language
Teen: anxiety, tic moving into mood and SUD
Adult: Anxiety, depression, bipolar, SUD
This type of interview along with the Caddra toolkit, Direct Observation and Collateral History offer the best assessment for ADHD outside of complicated cases
Diagnostic
These 3 medications are second line treatments for ADHD
Atomoxetine, guanfacine XR, short acting psychostimulants
These must be weighed when treating a pregnant woman with psychostimulants
risks and benefits
treatment is not contraindicated, lack of treatment may cause increased risks, generally amphetamine stimulants are preferred over methylphenadate stimulants