Prevention / Screening
What is a positive screen for depression Edinburgh
12
Describe what would be a positive result for low, moderate and high risk populations. Who are these populations?
5 mm (Positive in high-risk): HIV-positive, recent contact with TB cases, immunosuppressed (e.g., organ transplant, taking immunosuppressants), or changes on a chest X-ray.
10 mm (Positive in moderate-risk): Recent immigrants, injection drug users, residents/employees of high-risk congregate settings, children under 4, or people with chronic conditions.
15 mm (Positive in low-risk): Individuals with no known risk factors for TB
What 4 antihypertensives are safe in pregnancy
What antihypertensives are safe in pregnancy
Methyldopa
Labetalol
Nifedipine
Hydralazine
What anemias are microcytic? What is normal MCV?
Iron Deficiency / Thalassemia. normal is 80-100MCV
Describe the difference between viral and bacterial conjunctivitis
VIRAL: acute onset, watery discharge, may have URI, unilateral or bilateral
BACTERIAL: acute, mucopurulent, spreads from one eye to other, treatment antibiotics (erythromycin or polymyxin b/trim.)
What are the breast cancer screening guidelines with no fam hx?
ACOG
CBE 1-3 y for 25-39 yo, yearly at 40+
- Annual mammogram at 40 yo
ACS
Annual at 45 yo
USPSTF
Every 2 years starting at 45 yo
BRCA/Lynch any hx refer to genetic counseling
Starting 10 years prior to family members dx
Describe the lab criteria for diagnosis of diabetes 2
Fasting >126 x2
A1C >6.5
Random >200 x2
What level chronic HTN is treatable with medication
140s/90s or above
What anemias are macrocytic?
B12 Deficiency / Folate Deficiency
When do you prescribe for sinusitis?
Antibiotics IF: symptoms >10d with no improvement, worsening after 5-6 days after patient was improving, high fever >102
Augmentin 5-7d, doxycycline or levofloxacin; oral decongestants, nasal steroids
What is the managment for fam hx lynch syndrome?
Lynch Syndrome
Causes cancers typically at younger age (colorectal, endometrial, ovarian, sm bowel, urinary tract, stomach/pancreas/bile duct)
Early colonoscopies and in some cases ppx surgery (hysterectomy)
Describe the two step lab criteria for a diagnosis of GDM
GCT 50 g 1 hour >140 or >130 OR 100 g GTT 3 hour; Fasting >95; 1 hour >180; 2 hour >155; 3 hour >140
For 3 hour GTT, need 2 values
What type of antihypertensive is Nifedipine
calcium channel blocker
Who gets annual skin screening and what is ABCDE rule?
High-Risk Factors: You should consider regular professional screening if you have a history of sun exposure, tanning beds, or family history of melanoma.
What to Look For (ABCDE Rule): Watch for moles that are Asymmetrical, have irregular Borders, varied Colors, a Diameter larger than a pencil eraser, or are Evolving/changing
Describe the presentation for Mononucleosis
lymphadenopathy, sore throat, headache, malaise
What is the cancer screening guidelines
Ages 21–29: Cytology (Pap test) alone every 3 years.
Ages 30–65:
Primary HPV testing alone every 5 years (preferred).
Co-testing (hrHPV and cytology) every 5 years.
Cytology alone every 3 years.
what is the a1c range for prediabetes
5.7 -6.4 (typically repeated to confirm diagnosis)
What type of medications are thiazides? Name one thiazide. What mineral should you be watching in thiazides? What benefits do thiazides offer?
Diuretics. Most common hydrocholorothiazide and chlorthalidone. Decrease calcium excretion (good for osteopenia/porosis and kidney stones. Increase potassium excretion.
What is the presentation and treatment of tinea corpis
annular rings, tx antifungal cream
What is the treatment for strep throat?
Strep Throat PCN or amoxicillin x 10 days
what is the cancer screening guidelines for someone with a history of hysterectomy?
Hysterectomy: No screening, provided the cervix was removed and there is no history of high-grade precancerous lesions or cervical cancer.
Describe the management of asthma:
Mild, Intermittent, worsening
Mild/intermittent <2x/wk Albuterol
Persistent >2days/wk Albuterol + Inhaled Corticosteroids
Refer for newly diagnosed, worsening or more severe asthma
What type of antihypertensive is minoxidil and what is its side effect?
Vasodilator. Hair Growth
What is the management of chronic eczema
Eczema- avoid triggers, antihistamines, steroid cream
When do you consider IV Iron for severe anemia
Consider IV Iron: Hgb<10, intolerance to oral therapy, decreased GI absorption, lack of response, need to rise quickly