Criminal Justice Basics
Law Enforcement, Courts, Corrections
What three components make up the criminal justice system?
Stealing someone’s bicycle is an example of this broad category of crime
What is property crime?
A researcher examines genes and brain chemistry to understand criminal behavior.
What are Biological theories?
According to Freud, this part of personality says, “I want it right now!”?
What is Id?
The first ten amendments to the Constitution
What are the Bill of Rights?
An officer chooses to give a warning instead of a ticket. What term describes using professional judgment to make this decision?
What is discretion?
This term means spoken defamation that harms someone’s reputation
What is slander?
A researcher studies thinking patterns and personality.
What are Psychological theories?
Maslow's highest level of needs.
What is self-actualization?
The source of law created by legislatures
What are statutes?
This is the court proceeding where a defendant formally informed of the charges and asked to enter a plea
What is arraignment?
This term means written defamation that harms someone’s reputation
What is libel?
Friends teach a teenager to shoplift and praise successful thefts.
What is Social learning theory?
This part of Freud’s personality represents moral standards and says, “That would be wrong”?
What is Superego?
When a person sues another person for money to cover damage to their car.
What is civil law?
A defendant agrees to plead guilty in exchange for reduced charges.
What is plea negotiation?
A less serious crime, generally punishable by a fine or up to one year in jail
What is a misdemeanor?
Someone feels pressure to achieve financial success but lacks legitimate opportunities and turns to crime.
The school of thought studied connections between crime, neighborhood conditions, and social disorganization
What is The Chicago School?
This amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures
What is the 4th amendment?
This principle requires the government to follow fair legal procedures, even when officials believe someone is guilty
Due process.
A court uses an earlier judicial decision to help decide a similar case.
What is precedent?
A teenager avoids crime because of strong connections to family, school, and a sports team.
What is Social control theory?
This term describes a condition in which shared social norms become weak or unclear
What is anomie?
This rule generally keeps illegally obtained evidence from being used in court
What is the exclusionary rule?