Pharmacology
Genetics
Child & Adolescent
Learning
Neuro
100
What is the most common reason people discontinue SSRIs?
GI side effects.
What's the leading cause of long-term non adherence to SSRIs?
100
What is the pattern of inheritance in Huntington's disease?
Autosomal dominant
What is it called when genetic disorders present at earlier and earlier ages with each successive generation?
100
Which of the following is seen most frequently as a comorbid condition in children with autism?
a. ADHD
b. Intellectual Disability
c. Avoidant-Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
d. Seizure disorder
Intellectual disability
100
A 30 year old morbidly obese patient refuses to change their eating and exercise habits and says "I'll worry about my health when I am 65." One month later, his father who is also obese dies of a myocardial infarction. The disparity between the patient's current behavior and knowledge of the circumstances surrounding his father's death is an example of which behavior theory process?
Cognitive dissonance
100
A 26 year old presents with a headache and right hand clumsiness that began weeks ago. Physical exam shows difficulty with rapid alternating movements of the hands, overt intention tremor on finger to nose, and mildly dysmetric finger tapping. What region of the brain will reveal the lesion on MRI?
Cerebellum
200
The FDA requires that generics not be significantly different from the parent compounds in what way?
Bioequivalence
Generics must demonstrate that the rate and extent of absorption fall within accepted confidence limits of the reference product. They do not have to have identical inactive ingredients.
200
A four year old child begins to show signs of developmental delay, foraging for food, and having temper tantrums.
What is the diagnosis?
Prader-Willi Syndrome
What is the inheritance pattern?
200
A family presents to your clinic with concerns that their 7 year old child has been throwing temper tantrums and refusing to go to school due to stomachaches and headaches. During your assessment, the child tells you that they have nightmares about being kidnapped and fears that their parents will die.
What is the diagnosis?
Separation anxiety
Somatic complaints (stomachaches, headaches) on school days are the hallmark presentation in children.
200
What is an example of an accommodation that is part of the IEP but not a 504 plan?
Exemption from course requirements
Key distinction: a 504 plan provides accommodations(access to the standard curriculum); an IEP can additionally provide modifications to the curriculum itself and specialized instruction under IDEA.
200
What area of the brain plays the largest role in maintaining circadian rhythm?
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
300
What psychotropic can cause a decrease in benzodiazepine plasma level?
Carbamazepine
What is the main CYP that carbamazepine induces?
Besides drug-drug interactions with other medications, why else do we care about this?
300
Adults with velocardiofacial syndrome are at substantially increased risk for developing which psychotic disorder?
Schizophrenia
What is the chromosomal mutation and on which chromosome?
300
At what age is core gender identity established?
a. 6 years old
b. 5 years old
c. 4 years old
d. 3 years old
3 years old
300
A child who fears riding a bike becomes less fearful after watching other children have fun while riding bikes. What learning principle does this describe?
Modeling/observational learning
300
A 28 year old presents to the ED for evaluation after family members noticed increased emotional lability and impulsivity. When you ask about family history, the patient informs you that a close relative had similar symptoms and died at the age of 30 from liver failure.
What blood level would be diagnostic?
Ceruloplasmin
What is the diagnosis?
What would blood levels show?
400
A patient presents to the ER after taking an unknown quantity of their mood stabilizer. On exam, they appear lethargic, display neuromuscular irritability, and start having seizures. What is the treatment of choice?
Hemodialysis
Lithium is dialyzable and hemodialysis is the treatment of choice for severe toxicity.
400
What developmental disability is associated with unsteady triple repeats?
Fragile X syndrome (CGG)
What other genetic syndromes are associated with triple repeats?
400
When compared to adolescents, 8-12 year old children with depression most often show which symptom?
Somatic complaints
Prepubertal depression more often presents with somatic symptoms and irritability; classic melancholic/vegetative features become more common in adolescence.
400
A 17 year old patient with an IQ of 65 and comparable deficits in activities of daily living, communication, and motor skills can be expected to function on which academic level?
Sixth grade
400
In addiction, dopaminergic neurons project to the nucleus accumbens. Where do the cell bodies of these neurons reside in the brain?
Ventral tegmental area
The VTA→nucleus accumbens mesolimbic projection is the final common reward pathway for essentially all drugs of abuse
500
What drug can significantly affect lamotrigine concentration if co-administered?
Valproic acid (Depakote, Depakene)
How does it affect lamotrigine levels?
500
A child presents with moderate intellectual disability and deficits in visuospatial processing. During your exam, you note that the child is highly sociable, though the parent notes high levels of anxiety and a phobia.
What genetic disorder do they have?
Williams syndrome
What kind of chromosomal mutation is this and where is it found?
500
What is the most common speech/language abnormality in autism spectrum disorder?
Impaired prosody
500
A 10 year old child learned to clean his room without being asked. The parents achieved this giving the child a $1 bill every third time he cleaned his room without being asked. What is this type of reinforcement schedule known as?
Fixed-ratio
What type of reinforcement schedule is most resistant to extinction?
500
A 66 year old patient develops vertigo, diplopia, nausea, vomiting, and hiccups, and hoarseness. On physical exam, you note nystagmus, L face numbness, ataxia of the limbs, staggering gait, and a tendency to fall to the left. What is the diagnosis?
Lateral medullary stroke
Most commonly results from vertebral artery disease, though vertebral artery dissection is an important cause in younger patients. Crossed sensory pattern = ipsilateral face (spinal trigeminal nucleus) with contralateral body (spinothalamic tract), plus ipsilateral Horner syndrome (descending sympathetic tract)
