U.S. Relations
In 1917, this law imposed U.S. citizenship on residents of Puerto Rico.
What is the Jones-Shafroth Act of 1917?
“La migra” refers to this, as in !Chinga la Migra!"
What is I.C.E., border patrol and/or immigration enforcement?
The year the PRLS Department was founded.
What is 1974?
These foods are used to symbolize diversity instead of assimilation in Latinx and Caribbean/Latin American communities.
What is sancocho, or ajiaco, or bouillon, or caldo?
The actions taken by many BIPOC and allies during the Civil Rights Movement.
What are walk-outs, protests, sit-ins, marches, boycotts or "civil disobedience"?
The treaty ending the U.S. war with Mexico (or rather, invasion!) and leading to acquisition of what is now California, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, Colorado, Wyoming, Nevada and beyond!
What is the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo of 1848?
The moment in history that catapulted the reinforcement of border walls.
What is 9/11?
The gender-neutral alternative to Latino, Latina and even Latin@.
What is Latinx/Latine?
The mythical and ancestral homeland of the Mexica/Aztec peoples.
What is Aztlán?
The first and second largest Latinx ancestral groups in the United States?
Who are Mexicans and Puerto Ricans?
Signed into law in 1994 by President Clinton, this act made it easier to trade/sell goods across Mexico, Canada and the U.S., but displaced agricultural workers and widened economic inequality in Southern Mexico.
What is NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)?
The percentage of the world's immigrants that are currently in the United States (as of 2024)?
What is 17%? The figures range yearly depending on global factors, including war, displacement, international relations (trade/immigration treaties) and other factors.
A groundbreaking scholarly figure in multicultural education who once taught in PRLS once said: "The department taught me that we were not invisible, that we had stories to tell, that we had made, and were making history."
Who is Sonia Nieto?
Founder of ASPIRA of New York, Inc. and the first Puerto Rican woman to win the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
Who is Dr. Antonia Pantoja?
In 1965, the U.S. invaded this Caribbean nation, deposed a democratically elected President and installed a puppet government that came from the previous dictatorial regime.
What is the Dominican Republic?
Political events that intentionally cause disruption, displacement and migration so as to steal others' resources/land, or what former Young Lord, PRLS adjunct lecturer and author/journalist Juan Gonzalez details in his book Harvest of Empire.
What is U.S. imperialism, neo-colonialism or intervention?
This U.S. agency received $85 billion in operational funds from the federal government in 2026 (up from $10 billion total in 2024)!
What is I.C.E. (Immigration, Customs and Enforcement)? See: https://www.npr.org/2026/01/21/nx-s1-5674887/ice-budget-funding-congress-trump
The three CUNY campuses built by the PWA (Public Works Administration) and WPA (Works Progress Administration) under the New Deal (FDR).
What are Brooklyn College, Queens College and Hunter College?
The term Prof. Tanya Hernandez is defining when she states (in Racial Innocence: Unmasking Latino Anti-Black Bias and the Struggle for Equality): "While Latinos in the United States are often described simply as “Brown,” that term does not capture the spectrum of skin tones and races within the country’s Hispanic population. These differences in appearance can affect how Hispanics are treated in the United States, even by other Latinos."
What is colorism?
Although U.S. citizens, they cannot vote in U.S. Federal elections.
Who are Puerto Ricans?
Due to a history of economic disruption and labor recruitment networks, most Mexicans who live in New York City come from what state (in Mexico)?
What is Puebla?
The 1882 Act that targeted a non-Latinx group but also shaped US/Mexico border relations and set legal precedent for future exclusive immigration policies.
What is the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
Which PRLS Professor helps us understand translanguaging (and much, much more!) through his award-winning YouTube video channel "The Social Life of Language"?
Who is Dr. Mike? (Prof. Mike Mena)
The dates Día de los Muertos is typically celebrated.
What is Nov. 1st and 2nd?
On 9/11/73, this country experienced a U.S. backed coup of democratically elected President Salvador Allende. Hint: Prof. Carla España.
What is Chile?